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A Level Biology 1 > 2.6. Mitotic phase > Flashcards

2.6. Mitotic phase Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 stages does the mitotic phase involve?

A
  • mitosis

* cytokinesis

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2
Q

What occurs in mitosis?

A

Nucleus divides

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3
Q

What happens in cytokinesis?

A

Cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are produced

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4
Q

What are the phases of mitosis?

A
  • interphase
  • prophase
  • metaphase
  • anaphase
  • telophase
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5
Q

What happens during interphase?

A
  • the chromatin are not visible
  • DNA unraveled and replicated
  • organelles replicated
  • increase in ATP
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6
Q

What happens in prophase?

A
  • chromosomes condense and become visible
  • centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell and begin to form spindles
  • nucleolus disappears
  • breakdown of nuclear membrane
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7
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A
  • chromosomes line up along the equator

* spindle fibres attach centrioles to chromosomes

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8
Q

What happens at the metaphase checkpoint?

A

Cell checks that all the chromosomes are attached to the spindle before mitosis can continue

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9
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A
  • centromeres split allowing sister chromatids to separate

* chromatids move toward poles, centromeres first

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10
Q

What happens during telophase?

A
  • chromatids reach the opposite poles on the spindle
  • spindle fibres disperse
  • nuclear membranes form
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11
Q

What happens during cytokinesis?

A
  • cytoplasm divides

* two daughter cells genetically to the parent cell and each other form

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12
Q

What is another word for daughter cells being genetically identical?

A

Clones

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13
Q

What does mitosis do?

A

It increases the cell number for growth and repair

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14
Q

What is a chromatid?

A

Half a chromosome

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15
Q

What is the centromere?

A

The middle of the chromosomes where chromatids join

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16
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Process of cell division in eukaryotic cells

17
Q

What is special about mitosis in animal cells?

A
  • centrioles involved which form spindles to pull apart chromatids
  • cytokinesis- furrow forms increasing indention until 2 cells completely separate
  • occurs in tissues throughout the body
18
Q

What is special about mitosis in plant cells?

A
  • no centrioles - spindle fibres form from free microtubules that assemble at one point
  • Golgi apparatus sends vesicles filled with polysaccharides to equator region. Vesicles fuse and form cell plate which develops into cell wall separating the daughter cells
  • occurs mainly in meristems
19
Q

In animal cells a furrow forms to separate daughter cells what happens in plant?

A

Vesicles from Golgi apparatus fuse at equator to form cell plate which develops into cell wall

20
Q

Where does mitosis occur in animals?

A

Tissues and body cells

21
Q

Where does mitosis occur in plant cells?

A

In meristems

A Level Biology 1 (102 decks)

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