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A Level Biology 1 > 5.5 Photosynthesis - light dependant & independent > Flashcards

5.5 Photosynthesis - light dependant & independent Flashcards

1
Q

(light dependant) 1. what does photosystem 2 (ps2) absorb and what effect does this have?

A

light

excites electrons

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2
Q

(light dependant) 2. excited electrons pass to where?

A

electron transport chain

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3
Q

(light dependant) 3. ATP is made in what process?

A

chemiosmosis

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4
Q

(light dependant) 4. electrons pass down the chain to where?

A

photosystem 1 (ps1)

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5
Q

(light dependant) 5. electrons lost from ps2 are replaced by what?

A

electrons from photolysis

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6
Q

(light dependant) 6. the electrons from ps1 pass to where?

A

electron transport chain

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7
Q

(light dependant) 7. in non cyclic photophosphorylation, where do the electrons that leave the ETC after ps1 go?

A

accepted by coenzyme NADP with a hydrogen ion

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8
Q

(light dependant) what does reduced NADP do?

A

provides the H+ in the light independent reaction

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9
Q

(light dependant) what occurs in cyclic photophosphorylation?

A

the electron is fed back into ps1

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10
Q

(light dependant) what is photolysis?

A

water split into H+, e- and O2 using energy from the sun

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11
Q

(light dependant) equation for photolysis:

H2O —>

A

2H+ + 2e- + 1/2 O2

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12
Q

(light dependant) what is the enzyme forming part of the ps2 catalysing the breakdown of water?

A

the O2 evolving complex

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13
Q

(light dependant) protons are released into the lumens of the thylakoids increasing what?

A

the proton concentration gradient across the membrane

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14
Q

(light dependant) protons diffuse back down an electrochemical gradient driving what?

A

the formation of ATP

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15
Q

(light dependant) what happens to the proton once it returns to the stroma?

A

combines with electron and NADP to form reduced NADP

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16
Q

(light dependant) the process removes protons from the stroma helping maintain what?

A

the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane

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17
Q

can photosynthesis occur in the dark?

A

only the light independent stage

18
Q

when will the light independent stage stop in the dark?

A

when there is no reduced NADP and ATP left over from the light dependent reaction

19
Q

where does the light dependant stage take place?

A

within the grana

20
Q

where does the light independent stage take place?

A

in the matrix

21
Q

what pigments are embedded in the thylakoid membrane?

A

chlorophyll a
chlorophyll b
xanthophylls
carotenoids

22
Q

pigments and other proteins form a light harvesting system called what?

A

the antennae complex

23
Q

what is the role of the antennae complex?

A

to absorb/harvest light energy at different wavelengths & transfer energy to the reaction centre

24
Q

what is located in the reaction centre?

A

chlorophyll

25
Q

(pigment) what is a photosynthetic pigment?

A

coloured biological compound present in chloroplasts and photosynthetic bacteria which captures light energy for photosynthesis

26
Q

what pigment gives plants their green colour?

A

chlorophyll - it reflects green light

27
Q

what pigment gives plants a red - yellow colour?

A

carotenoids

28
Q

(light independent) what is the light independent stage also known as?

A

the calvin cycle

29
Q

(light independent) 1. CO2 diffuses into the leaf through what?

A

spongy mesophyll cells

30
Q

(light independent) 2. from the spongy mesophyll CO2 diffuses where?

A

into the stroma of chloroplasts

31
Q

(light independent) 3. what does CO2 combine with?

A

ribulose bisphosphate

this fixes the CO2

32
Q

(light independent) how many carbons does ribulose bisphosphate have?

A

5

33
Q

(light independent) 4. which enzyme catalyses CO2 combining with ribulose bisphosphate?

A

Rubisco

34
Q

(light independent) 5. CO2 + Ribulose forms an unstable six carbon molecule which breaks down to form what?

A

2 Glycerate 3 phosphates

35
Q

(light independent) 6. what are the glycerate 3 phosphates converted into?

A

2 triose phosphates

36
Q

(light independent) 7. how are the glycerate 3 phosphates converted to triose phosphates?

A

using hydrogens from reduced NADP and energy from ATP

37
Q

(light independent) 8. what is done with most of the TP?

A

recycled into RUBP

38
Q

(light independent) 9. what happens to the rest of the TP not used to make RUBP?

A

used to make lipids, glucose and amino acids

39
Q

(light independent) for one glucose to be made how many CO2 have to enter the calvin cycle?

A

6

40
Q

(light independent) 6 full turns of the calvin cycle produces how many triose phosphates?

A

12

41
Q

(light independent) of the 12 triose phosphates made in the calvin cylcle how many are removed to make glucose?

A

2

42
Q

(light independent) how many triose phosphates are recycled to regenerate 6 RuBP?

A

10

A Level Biology 1 (102 decks)

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