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WPP II Exam > Intestinal & Digestive Disorders > Flashcards

Intestinal & Digestive Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

A chronic and common disease
Autoimmune inflammatory disease
swelling, infection, narrowing of bowel lumen, and then fibrosis of the entire bowel wall.

A

Crohn’s Disease

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2
Q

35% of cases involve only small intestine.

A

Crohn’s Disease

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3
Q

The inflammation of Crohn’s commonly affects what part of the intestine?

A

ileum (lower part of the small intestine)

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4
Q

Sx: can include Peri-rectal abscess, fistula, chronic non-bloody diarrhea, rectal bleeding, fever, malaise, poor appetite, weight loss, fever, abdominal pain (often on the right side of the lower abdomen), frequent bowel movements, a feeling of a mass/fullness in the lower abdomen, lack of energy.

A

Crohn’s Disease

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5
Q

The difference between anal fistula, fissures, abscesses.

A
  1. Fistulas/abscess - outside

2. Fissures - inside

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6
Q

Crohn’s syndrome and Ulcerative Colitis are both types of what kind of disease?

A

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD); also autoimmune diseases.

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7
Q

What is the difference between IBS and IBD?

A

IBS - there is no structural damage.

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8
Q

What different areas of the digestive tract do Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s affect?

A

Ulcerative Colitis = large intestines

Crohn’s = Anywhere in GI tract

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9
Q

Treatment for Crohn’s?

A
  1. Prednisone (corticosteroids)

2. Surgery d/t obstruction or fistula abscess

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10
Q

Sx: bleeding, obstructive symptom, weight loss

A

Malignancy of the small bowel

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11
Q

Name 6 diseases of the large intestine?

A
  1. IBS
  2. Ulcerative colitis
  3. Diverticular disease of the colon
  4. Colonic fistulae
  5. Polyps of colon
  6. Colorectal cancer
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12
Q

SX: abdominal pain, cramping and bloating sensation, often relieved by defecation, the stool may alternate between hard, lumpy stools and diarrhea

A

IBS

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13
Q

One of the most common complaints in medical practice. A chronic disorder with abdominal pain and alteration in bowel habits (diarrhea and/or constipation, which may alternate)..possibly d/t stress. Dx at least 12 weeks of symptoms.

A

IBS

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14
Q

What are the 3 red Flags for DX of GI Cancer

A
  1. fever, weight loss, bloody stools or nocturnal diarrhea (IBS diarrhea tends not to wake the person up at night)
  2. a sudden, severe onset of symptoms in older patient is unlikely to be IBS
  3. a family history of cancer, IBD, or celiac disease
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15
Q

How to treat IBS?

A

Diet: avoid flatulent foods (beans, pastas, milk, coffee, etc.), high fiber diet, stress management (meditation, yoga, etc.)

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16
Q

Continuous lesion with bloody diarrhea, diarrhea mixed with blood and mucus; there are lower abdominal cramps and tenesmus (recurrent urge to evacuate the bowels), only affects the large intestine. A chronic disease
Autoimmune inflammatory disease.

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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17
Q

Symptoms include periumbilical pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, right lower quadrant pain, pain worse with cough and motion, fever, blood tests reveal an elevated white blood cell count.

A

Appendicitis

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18
Q

Where is McBurney’s point?

A

Located over the right side of the abdomen that is 1/3 of the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus

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19
Q

What is a positive Rovsing’s sign for appendicitis?

A

If palpation of the left lower quadrant of the abdomen increases the pain felt in the right lower quadrant.

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20
Q

How do you treat appendicitis?

A

Immediate open or laparoscopic appendectomy is the definitive treatment

21
Q

LLQ abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Perforation is a serious complication that leads to peritonitis and shock.

A

Diverticulitis

22
Q

LLQ abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Inflammation. Perforation is a serious complication that leads to peritonitis and shock.

A

Diverticulitis

23
Q

Bleeding is painless and sudden, generally presenting as hematochezia with symptoms of anemia (fatigue, lightheadedness..), typically asymptomatic, outpouchings of mucosa, low fiber, high fat diet, most common cause of acute lower Gi bleeding in patients > 40 years of age.

A

Diverticulosis

24
Q

Diverticulosis or Diverticulitis

  1. LLQ abdominal pain, fever
  2. Leukocytosis
  3. Abdominal XRay
  4. Tx: NPO, Antibiotics
A

Diverticulitis

25
Q

Four tests for appendicitis?

A
  1. McBurney’s point - no hunger
  2. Psoas sign: Passive extension of the hip leading to RLQ pain
  3. Obturator sign: Passive internal rotation of the flexed hip leading to RLQ pain
  4. Rowsing’s sign: Deep palpation of the LLQ leading to RLQ pain
26
Q

Most common cause of acute lower Gi bleeding in patients > 40 years of age. Risk factors include low fiber.

A

diverticulosis

27
Q

How do you distinguish between an external hemorrhoid and internal hemorrhoid?

A

The pectinate line.

28
Q

This kind of GI cancer grows slowly.

A

Colon Cancer

29
Q

What is the ligament of Treitz?

A

Where the Upper GI and lower GI dived by …

ligament of Treitz

30
Q

What part of the colon has the appendix attached to it?

A

Cecum

31
Q

What is found between the descending colon and the rectum?

A

Sigmoid colon

32
Q

What is the jejunum?

A

the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum.

33
Q

Where is the ileum?

A

the third portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the cecum (which is the beginning part of the colon)

34
Q

Four “F”s that serve as risk factors for Cholelithiasis (Gallstones)?

A
  1. Female
  2. Fat
  3. Forty
  4. Fertile (pregnant)
    fat: BMI more than 30
    forty: age >40
    Fertile: one or more children
35
Q

Sx: Abdominal pain (usually in the RUQ), n/V, dyspepsia, flatulence
Dx: RUQ ultrasound

A

Cholelithiasis (Gallstones)

36
Q

Inflammation of gallbladder
SX: RUQ pain, n/V, fever
DX: Leukocytosis, Ultrasound
Murphy’s sign inspiratory arrest on deep palpation of RUO due to pain

A

Cholecystitis

37
Q

Dull pain on the right upper abdominal quadrant (RUQ); pain that spreads to the back or below the right shoulder blade (subscapular area), clay-colored stools.

A

Sx of Cholecystitis

38
Q

Murphy’s sign which involves the patient breathing deeply while the physician firmly places their hand around the rib cage; the inhalation causes the gallbladder to move down against the physician’s hand thereby causing pain.

A

DX of Cholecystitis

39
Q

Which Liver Enzyme is more specific: AST or ALT?

A 
ALT = alanine transaminase (= SGPT): more specific
AST = aspartate transaminase (= SGOT)
40
Q

Can you name 5 small intestine diseases?

A
  1. Celiac disease
  2. Whipple’s disease
  3. Short bowel syndrome
  4. Crohn’s disease
  5. Malignancy of the small bowel
41
Q

What is Whipple’s disease?

A

bacterial infection

42
Q

What is Celiac’s disease?

A

Gluten Allergy: chronic digestive tract disorder arising from an inability to tolerate gluten

43
Q

What condition? When patient eats a gluten food, an inflammatory response occurs which damages the mucosa lining of the intestines, resulting in maldigestion and malabsorption of nutrients; symptoms can include diarrhea, flatulence, borborygmus, fat in the stool (steatorrhea) poor appetite, fatigue, severe abdominal pain; there can also be rashes and anemia Biopsy reveals flattening or loss of villi.

A

Celiac

44
Q

What happens in Short bowel syndrome?

A

Seen after surgery for Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, or weight loss procedures, not enough absorptive surface has been left for proper digestion of food.

45
Q

RUQ Pain?
LLQ Pain?
RLQ Pain?
LUQ Pain?

A

RUQ: Cholecystitis (inflamed gallstones) / HepB
LLQ: Diverticulitis
RLQ: Appendicitis
LUQ: Pancreatitis

46
Q

Diverticulosis vs Diverticulitis

A

Diverticulosis occurs when small, bulging pouches (diverticula) develop in your digestive tract. When one or more of these pouches become inflamed or infected, the condition is called diverticulitis.

47
Q

What part of the GI Tract does Celiacs affect?

A

Small intestine

48
Q

True or False: Anal fissures is a sign of Crohns Disease?

A

False. Anal Abcesses or Anal Fistula

WPP II Exam (7 decks)

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