Lecture 6

Question 1

What are the 3 main types of rocks?

Answer 1

1) Igneous
2) Metamorphic
3) Sedimentary

Question 2

What does every type of rock give?

Answer 2

Evidence to ho wit was formed and its history.

Question 3

What are all rocks made of?

Answer 3

Minerals

Question 4

What is a mineral?

Answer 4

A naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and biogenic with a specific chemical composition.

Question 5

___are aggregates of minerals.

Answer 5

rocks

Question 6

What are 4 mineral properties?

Answer 6

1) hardness
2) density
3) fracture/cleavage
4) crystal habit

Question 7

What is hardness?

Answer 7

chemical bond strength

Question 8

What is density? What is it measured in?

Answer 8

• mass per volume (g/cm3)
• atomic weights of atoms
• packing

Question 9

What is fracture/cleavage?

Answer 9

Bonding creates lanes of weakness

Question 10

What is crystal habit?

Answer 10

arrangement of atoms and their bonds with one another form a unique crystal structure.

Question 11

What are the five main mineral types?

Answer 11

1) silicates
2) carbonate minerals
3) sulfate minerals
4) oxides
5) native elements

Question 12

What are olivine and quarts examples of?

Answer 12

silicates

Question 13

What are calcite and aragonite examples of?

Answer 13

carbonate minerals

Question 14

What are gypsum and anhydrite examples of?

Answer 14

sulfate minerals

Question 15

What are hematite and magnetite examples of?

Answer 15

oxides

Question 16

What are gold and copper examples of?

Answer 16

native elements

Question 17

What are igneous rocks classified by?

Answer 17

composition and grains size

Question 18

What are the 2 types of igneous composition?

Answer 18

• felsic

- mafic

Question 19

What are 2 examples of felsic igneous rocks?

Answer 19

granite and rhyolite

Question 20

What are 2 examples of magic igneous rocks?

Answer 20

basalt and gabbro

Question 21

What is igneous grain size a direct reflection of?

Answer 21

A direct reflection of the rate at which th rock cooled.

Question 22

What are the 2 types of igneous grains size and how does it show the cooling rate of the rock and its location?

Answer 22

• Rapid: fine grained (extrusive/aphanitic)

- Slow (large grained (intrusive/phaneritic)

Question 23

Composition and grain size of igneous rocks are a direct result of whether magma cooled to form the rock within the earth___or at the surface___.

Answer 23

• plutonic

- volcanic

Question 24

Which types of igneous rocks cool slowly and form large, visible crystals? What do they cool from?

Answer 24

• Plutonic or intrusive

- cools from magma

Question 25

What types of igneous rocks cool quickly and form microscopic crystals? What do they cool from?

Answer 25

• volcanic or extrusive

- cools from lava

Question 26

What indicates the source of igneous rocks?

Answer 26

chemical composition

Question 27

If rocks are from magma derived from the mantle they are called___.

Answer 27

mafic

Question 28

What are mafic rocks high in?

Answer 28

Mg and Fe

Question 29

What happens if rocks undergo considerable mixing with continental rock?

Answer 29

Will be low in Mg and Fe and high in Si and Al

Question 30

What are felsic rocks?

Answer 30

Rocks that undergo considerable mixing with continental rock, will be low in Mg and Fe and high in Si and Al.