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NUR 409 Pharmacotherapeutics > Drugs and Classes (Including Pharm I) > Flashcards

Drugs and Classes (Including Pharm I) Flashcards

1
Q

verapamil

A

calcium channel blocker - decrease BP, HR
HTN, angina pectoris, peripheral edema, CCBS: peripheral edema, constipation, bradycardia, syncope
avoid: grapefruit juice

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2
Q

venlafaxine

A

anti-depressant, neuropathic pain

SNRI 5 s’s plus HTN

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3
Q

vasopressin

A

diabetes insipidus - IV only, vasoconstriction

headache, chest pain d/t vasoconstriction

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4
Q

varenicline

A

nicotine cessation - partial agonist at nicotinic receptors to reduce reward of nicotine
N (common), suicidal ideation (rare)!!

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5
Q

valproic acid

A

anti-epileptic, take w/food

GI, hepatotoxicity

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6
Q

trihexyphenidyl

A

Parkinson’s 2nd line of defense

anticholinergic, sedative

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7
Q

trazodone

A

misc anti-depressant for insomnia

anticholinergic, sedative, “trazerect”

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8
Q

tranylcypromine

A

anti-depressant MAOI (MAO-A)
HTN crisis, 5HT syndrome, orthostatic hypoTN
avoid: -triptans (migraine), meperidine (opioid), other antidepressants, OTC cold meds

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9
Q

tiotropium

A

long-acting anticholinergic mainly for COPD

dry mouth

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10
Q

timolol

A

glaucoma beta-adrenergic blockerbradychardia, hypotension, bronchoconstriction
contraindicated for pts w/CV dz and/or asthma

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11
Q

sumatriptan

A

migraine abortive, serotonin 1B/1D vasoconstrictor
chest pain, arm heavy
avoid: other ergot alkaloids (migraine meds), antidepressants
contraindicated for pt w/hx CV dz d/t

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12
Q

spironolactone

A

diuretic
increases potassium levels–>hyperkalemia: arrhythmias, fatigue, cramps, palpitations, N/V
may cause endocrine issues
avoid: K rich foods, salt substitutes

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13
Q

sodium bicarbonate

A

combined w/activated charcoal and IV fluids to combat aspirin toxicity
tx for hyperkalemia makes K+–>cell
increases blood pH (more basic)

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14
Q

simvastatin

A

dislipidemia halt formation of VLDL, LDL
hepatotoxic, myopathic
rhabdomyolysis
avoid: grapefruit juice

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15
Q

sertraline

A

SSRI anti-depressant

stomach/GI problems, slowed metabolism, sexual dysfuntion, suicidal ideation, sedating

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16
Q

selegiline transdermal

A

anti-depressant MAOI (MAO-A)
HTN crisis, 5HT syndrome, orthostatic hypoTN
avoid: -triptans (migraine), meperidine (opioid), other antidepressants, OTC cold meds

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17
Q

selegiline

A

Parkinson’s MAO-B inhibitor

avoid tyramine, antidepressants, meperidine

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18
Q

salmeterol

A

long term beta2 agonist COPD meds

tachycardia, tremors

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19
Q

rosuvastatin

A

dislipidemia halt formation of VLDL, LDL
hepatotoxic, myopathic
rhabdomyolysis
avoid: grapefruit juice

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20
Q

risperidone

A

SGA anti-psychotic - block specific DA receptors and 5HT, severe stage Alzheimer’s
metabolic syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome FEVER

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21
Q

propranolol

A

β1, β2 blocker slows HR, lowers BP, bronchoconstricts
bradycardia, hypoTN, masked hypoglycemia d/t blocked adrenaline, bronchoconstriction!
HOLD if HR<50; contraindicated for pts w/resp dz
do not abruptly discontinue
cardioprotection post MI

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22
Q

promethazine

A

antihistamine/antiemetic, 1st gen H1 blocker, D2 block, α1 block
sedation, anticholinergic, EPS, orthostatic hypoTN
avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants
do NOT give to children<2yo
infiltration causes gangrene

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23
Q

pregabalin

A

technically antiepileptic, but used for neuropathic pain

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24
Q

prednisone

A

oral glucocorticoid
CUSHINGOID
adrenal insufficiency: flu-like sx, hypoTN

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25
Q

prednisolone

A

oral glucocorticoid
CUSHINGOID
adrenal insufficiency: flu-like sx, hypoTN

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26
Q

phenytoin

A

anti-epileptic
NTI: 10-20
gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism vitamin, D and K interference
IV infiltration causes purple glove syndrome

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27
Q

phenelzine

A

anti-depressant MAOI (MAO-A)
HTN crisis, 5HT syndrome, orthostatic hypoTN
avoid: -triptans (migraine), meperidine (opioid), other antidepressants, OTC cold meds

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28
Q

paroxetine

A

SSRI anti-depressant

stomach/GI problems, slowed metabolism, sexual dysfuntion, suicidal ideation, sedating

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29
Q

oxycodone w/acetaminophen

A

opioid
respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention
toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress
do not give if RR<12
avoid: ETOH, benzos

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30
Q

olanzapine

A

SGA anti-psychotic - block specific DA receptors and 5HT, severe stage Alzheimer’s
metabolic syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome FEVER

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31
Q

nortriptyline

A

TCA anti-depressant, neuropathic pain
cardiotoxicity d/t OD, anticholinergic, orthostatic hypoTN
contraindicated for pt’s w/CV dz, seizures

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32
Q

norepinephrine

A

adrenergic agonist
necrosis, tachycardia, HTN
short half life
monitor urine output, extremity perfusion

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33
Q

nitroprusside

A

HTN crisis - drastic drop in BP
must be protected from light
may cause cyanide poisoning

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34
Q

nitroglycerin

A

anti-angina - widespread vasodilation at onset
headache (common), orthostatic hypoTN, reflex tachycardia, tolerance–>rest period needed
3 pill max, 5min b/w each
avoid: erectile dysfunction meds

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35
Q

nifedipine

A

calcium channel blocker - decrease BP
HTN, angina pectoris, peripheral edema, syncope
avoid: grapefruit juice

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36
Q

niacin/nicotinic acid

A 
vitamin B3 (meat) - increases HDL, decreases LDL
intense flushing of the face, GI issues
may take aspirin 30min prior to admin
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37
Q

naproxen

A

NSAID

GI, renal impairment, increased risk of heart attack and stroke

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38
Q

naltrexone

A

alcohol abstinence - opioid agonist

reduces cravings, buzz

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39
Q

naloxone

A

strong opioid antagonist for opioid OD

decreases cravings and pleasure associated w/ETOH ingestion

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40
Q

morphine

A

opioid
respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention
toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress
do not give if RR<12
avoid: ETOH, benzos

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41
Q

mometasone

A

nasal glucocorticoid
1 wk onset
drying of nasal mucosa, epistaxis

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42
Q

methylprednisolone

A

oral glucocorticoid
CUSHINGOID
adrenal insufficiency: flu-like sx, hypoTN

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43
Q

methylphenidate

A

CNS stimulant - increase DA, NE, ADHD
5 A’s: addiction, anorexia, arrhythmias, awake at night/insomnia
avoid ETOH, CNA stimulants

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44
Q

methadone

A

opioid “substitution” for cessation agonist

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45
Q

metaprolol

A 
β1 blocker slows HR, lowers BP
bradycardia, hypoTN, masked hypoglycemia d/t blocked adrenaline
HOLD if HR<50
do not abruptly discontinue
cardioprotection post MI
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46
Q

meperidine

A

opioid
respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention
toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress
do not give if RR<12
avoid: ETOH, benzosup to 48hr use d/t seizures!!!!

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47
Q

memantine

A

Alzheimer’s - control glutamate
moderate to late stages
well-tolerated

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48
Q

mannitol

A

emergency diuretic to reduce intracranial pressure/cerebral edema
may cause: heart failure, rebound intracranial pressure, metabolic acidosis, crackles
must be kept warm, used with filter d/t crystallization

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49
Q

lovastatin

A

dislipidemia halt formation of VLDL, LDL
hepatotoxic, myopathic
rhabdomyolysis
avoid: grapefruit juice

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50
Q

losartan

A

RAAS - angiotensin II antagonist (ARB)

hyperkalemia, orthostatic hypoTN, angioedema

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51
Q

lorazepam

A

benzodiazepine anti-anxiety, alcohol cessation
may cause ASI: ataxia, insomnia, impaired memory
hepatotoxic, addictive
avoid: ETOH, other CNS depressants

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52
Q

loratadine

A

antihistamine, 2nd gen H1 blocker
well-tolerated, longer duration
avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants

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53
Q

lithium

A

mood stabilizer
take w/food to prevent GI upset
NTI: <1.5 mEq/Ltoxic at LOW sodium levels or w/strenuous exercise
toxic signs ACNE: ataxia, coarse tremors, moderate N/V/D, ears ringing “tinnitus”
common side effects: fine hand tremors, mild N/D, polyuria, polydipsia, weight gain

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54
Q

lisinopril

A

RAAS - ACE inhibitor
hyperkalemia, orthostatic hypoTN, angioedema, persistent cough
cardioprotection

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55
Q

lisdexamfetamine

A

CNS stimulant - increase DA, NE, ADHD
5 A’s: addiction, anorexia, arrhythmias, awake at night/insomnia
avoid ETOH, CNS stimulants

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56
Q

lidocaine/prilocaine topical

A

local anesthetic

1h onset

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57
Q

lidocaine/epinephrine

A

local anesthetic, vasoconstrictor
epinephrine extends duration
avoid: phalanges, nose, “hose”
systemic: bradycardia, heart block, seizures, respiratory depression, coma

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58
Q

lidocaine

A

local anesthetic w/ short duration

systemic: bradycardia, heart block, seizures, respiratory depression, coma

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59
Q

levothyroxine

A

synthetic T4 for hypothyroidism
increased HR and BP, insomnia (best taken AM), anxiety, weight loss, diaphoresis
NTI

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60
Q

levodopa/carbidopa

A

Parkinson’s
most effective; carbodopa increases levodopa efficacy
avoid: protein, B6, pyridoxine

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61
Q

levetiracetam

A

anti-epileptic

less side effects than other antiepileptics

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62
Q

levalbuterol

A

short term beta2 agonist rescue med for asthma/COPD

tachycardia, tremors

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63
Q

latanoprost

A

glaucoma, prostaglandin analog
limited systemic effects
increased pigmentation of iris and/or eyelids

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64
Q

lamotrigine

A

anti-epileptic
“Stevens-Johnson” rash
“low and slow” dosage required

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65
Q

labetalol

A

β1, β2, and α1 blocker slows HR, lowers BP, bronchoconstricts, vasodilates

bradycardia, hypoTN, masked hypoglycemia d/t blocked adrenaline, bronchoconstriction
HOLD if HR<50; contraindicated for pts w/resp dz
do not abruptly discontinue
cardioprotection post MI

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66
Q

ketorolac

A

NSAID - pain relief similar to morphine
5 day maximum rx; if longer –> GI ulcer/renal impairment
increased risk of heart attack and stroke

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67
Q

isosorbide

A

anti-angina - prophylactic widespread vasodilation
headache (common), orthostatic hypoTN, reflex tachycardia, tolerance–>rest period needed
avoid: crushing med, erectile dysfunction meds

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68
Q

isocarboxazid

A

anti-depressant MAOI (MAO-A)
HTN crisis, 5HT syndrome, orthostatic hypoTN
avoid: -triptans (migraine), meperidine (opioid), other antidepressants, OTC cold meds

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69
Q

ipatropium

A

short term anticholinergic mainly for COPD

dry mouth

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70
Q

ibuprofen

A

NSAID

GI, renal impairment, increased risk of heart attack and stroke

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71
Q

hydroxyzine

A

antihistamine, 1st gen H1 blocker
sedation, anticholinergic
avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants

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72
Q

hydromorphone

A

opioid
respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention
toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress
do not give if RR<12
avoid: ETOH, benzos

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73
Q

hydrocodone w/acetaminophen

A

opioid
respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention
toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress
do not give if RR<12
avoid: ETOH, benzos

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74
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

A

diuretic, 1st drug of choice for HTN

hypokalemia: fatigue, cramps, palpitations, N/V

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75
Q

haloperidol

A

FGA anti-psychotic - block all dopamine pathways
EPS d/t high dose, anticholinergic, endocrine, sun burn, sedation, orthostatic hypoTN
neuroleptic malignant - FEVER: fever, elevated WBCs and CPK, vitals unstable, encephalopathy, rigidity of muscles

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76
Q

gabapentin

A

technically antiepileptic, but used for neuropathic pain

sedation, ataxia

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77
Q

furosemide

A

diuretic for edema or heart failure (too strong for HTN)
hypokalemia: fatigue, cramps, palpitations, N/V
tinnitus

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78
Q

formeterol

A

long term beta2 agonist COPD meds

tachycardia, tremors

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79
Q

fluticasone

A

nasal glucocorticoid, asthma/COPD
1 wk onset
drying of nasal mucosa, epistaxis if nasal
dry mouth,oral candidiasis if inhaled

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80
Q

fluoxetine

A

SSRI anti-depressant
stomach/GI problems, slowed metabolism, sexual dysfuntion, suicidal ideation, NOT sedating (only SSRI that’s activating!!)

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81
Q

flumenazil

A

antidote for benzodiazepine OD

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82
Q

fexofenadine

A

antihistamine, 2nd gen H1 blocker
well-tolerated, longer duration
avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants
least sedative 2nd gen

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83
Q

fentanyl

A

opioid - strongest
respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention
toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress
do not give if RR<12
avoid: ETOH, benzos
patch changed q72h

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84
Q

escitalopram

A

SSRIanti-depressant

stomach/GI problems, slowed metabolism, sexual dysfuntion, suicidal ideation, sedating

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85
Q

epinephrine

A

adrenergic agonist, combined w/local anesthetic
increases HR, BP, contractile force, bronchodilates, vasoconstricts
effects last 10-20mins
monitor urine output, extremity perfusion

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86
Q

enalapril

A

RAAS - ACE inhibitor
hyperkalemia, orthostatic hypoTN, angioedema, persistent cough
cardioprotection

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87
Q

duloxetine

A

anti-depressant, neuropathic pain

SNRI 5 s’s plus HTN

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88
Q

dopamine

A

adrenergic agonist
necrosis, tachycardia, HTN
monitor urine output, extremity perfusion

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89
Q

donepezil

A

Alzheimer’s - increases acetylcholine

GI (common), bradychardia (rare), hypoTN

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90
Q

dobutamine

A

adrenergic agonist
necrosis, tachycardia, HTN
increased cardiac workload
monitor urine output, extremity perfusion

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91
Q

disulfiram

A

alcohol abstinence
“makes you want to DIE” w/any ETOH consumption: N/V, hypoTN, diaphoresis, headache, palpitations
contraindicated for CV pts d/t palpitations

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92
Q

diphenhydramine

A

antihistamine, 1st gen H1 blocker
sedation, anticholinergic
avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants

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93
Q

diltiazem

A

calcium channel blocker - decrease BP, HR
HTN, angina pectoris, CCBS: peripheral edema, bradycardia, syncope
avoid: grapefruit juice

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94
Q

digoxin

A

afib, heart failure - lower HR, increased contractile force
bradycardia, disrhythmias
HOLD if HR<60
toxicity: (early) N/V/anorexia, (late) yellow/halo vision, bradydysrhythmias, altered mental status, syncope
avoid: diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, antacids
must maintain nml K levels
hold if apical HR<60

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95
Q

diazepam

A

benzodiazepine anti-anxiety, antispasmotic , alcohol cessation
may cause ASI: ataxia, insomnia, impaired memory
hepatotoxic, addictive
avoid: ETOH, other CNS depressants

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96
Q

dexamethasone

A

IV glucocorticoid
CUSHINGOID
adrenal insufficiency: flu-like sx, hypoTN

97
Q

desmopressin

A

diabetes insipidus PO, intranasal, IV

headache d/t overhydration

98
Q

desloratadine

A

antihistamine, 2nd gen H1 blocker
well-tolerated, longer duration
avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants

99
Q

dantrolene

A

antispasmodic, malignant hyperthermia
antidote muscle weaken by decrease Ca2+
hepatotoxicity

100
Q

cyclobenzaprine

A

antispasmodic

101
Q

codeine

A

weakest opioid, cough suppressant
respiratory depression, constipation, cough supression, pruritis, N/V, urinary retention
toxicity CPR: coma, pinpoint pupils, respiratory distress
do not give if RR<12
avoid: ETOH, benzos

102
Q

clozapine

A

SGA anti-psychotic - block specific DA receptors, 5HT, severe stage Alzheimer’s
metabolic syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome FEVER
agranulocytosis

103
Q

clonidine

A

anti-HTN
drowsiness, dry mouth
avoid: other CNS depressants

104
Q

clonazepam

A

benzodiazepine anti-anxiety
may cause ASI: ataxia, insomnia, impaired memory
hepatotoxic, addictive
avoid: ETOH, other CNS depressants

105
Q

chlorpromazine

A

FGA anti-psychotic - block all dopamine pathways
EPS d/t high dose, anticholinergic, endocrine, sun burn, sedation, orthostatic hypoTN
neuroleptic malignant - FEVER: fever, elevated WBCs and CPK, vitals unstable, encephalopathy, rigidity of muscles

106
Q

chlordiazepoxide

A

benzodiazepine anti-anxiety, alcohol cessation
may cause ASI: ataxia, insomnia, impaired memory
hepatotoxic, addictive
avoid: ETOH, other CNS depressants

107
Q

cetirizine

A

antihistamine, 2nd gen H1 blocker
well-tolerated, longer duration
avoid: ETOH, CNS depressants

108
Q

celecoxib

A

NSAID - COX 2 inhibitor only

extremely increased risk of heart attack and stroke

109
Q

carvedilol

A

β1, β2, and α1 blocker slows HR, lowers BP, bronchoconstricts, vasodilates

bradycardia, hypoTN, masked hypoglycemia d/t blocked adrenaline, bronchoconstriction
HOLD if HR<50; contraindicated for pts w/resp dz
do not abruptly discontinue
cardioprotection post MI

110
Q

carbamazepine

A

anti-epileptic, neuropathic pain, mood stabilizer
bone marrow suppressor (RBC, WBC, platelets decreased), steven johnsons rash
interactions: warfarin, grapefruit juice, oral contraceptives

111
Q

captopril

A

RAAS - ACE inhibitor
hyperkalemia, orthostatic hypoTN, angioedema, persistent cough, neutropenia
cardioprotection

112
Q

buspirone

A

slow onset anti-anxiety 5HT/DA
no abuse potential, not CNS depressant, no w/drawal
avoid: grapefruit d/t CYP inducer–>toxicity

113
Q

bupropion

A

misc anti-depressant for nicotine cessation - inhibits reuptake of DA, NE
increased libido, weight loss, anxiety, insomnia
contraindication for epileptic pts

114
Q

buprenorphine

A

opioid “substitution” for cessation partial agonist

115
Q

brimonidine

A

glaucoma, alpha-adrenergic agonist

hypotension, drowsiness d/t cross BBB

116
Q

benztropine

A

Parkinson’s 2nd line of defense

anticholinergic, sedative

117
Q

beclomethasone

A

inhaled glucocorticoid for asthma/COPD

oral candidiasis

118
Q

baclofen

A

antispasmodic

do not abruptly stop! –>hallucination, seizure

119
Q

atorvastatin

A

dislipidemia halt formation of VLDL, LDL
hepatotoxic, myopathic
rhabdomyolysis
avoid: grapefruit juice

120
Q

atomoxetine

A

CNS stimulant - increases NE only, ADHD
low abuse potential: mainly used for pts w/hx drug abuse
increased risk of suicide, weight loss, hepatotoxic

121
Q

atenolol

A 
β1 blocker slows HR, lowers BP
bradycardia, hypoTN, masked hypoglycemia d/t blocked adrenaline
HOLD if HR<50
do not abruptly discontinue
cardioprotection post MI
122
Q

aspirin

A

NSAID
GI, renal impairment
DECREASED risk of heart attack and stroke d/t decreased platelet aggregation
antiplatelet occurs at low dose, lasts 8 days
contraindicated for children! except w/Kawasaki dz
toxicity: tinnitus, diaphoresis, headache, acidic blood–>Kussmal resp
sx of bleeding: increased HR, decreased BP, ecchymosis, coffee-ground emesis, melena
avoid: herbals “g”

123
Q

aripripazole

A

SGA anti-psychotic - block specific DA receptors and 5HT, severe stage Alzheimer’s
metabolic syndrome, neuroleptic malignant syndrome FEVER

124
Q

amphetamine/dextramphetamine

A

CNS stimulant - increase DA, NE, ADHD
5 A’s: addiction, anorexia, arrhythmias, awake at night/insomnia
avoid ETOH, CNA stimulants

125
Q

amlodipine

A

calcium channel blocker - decrease BP
HTN, angina pectoris, peripheral edema, syncope
avoid: grapefruit juice

126
Q

amitriptyline

A

TCA anti-depressant, neuropathic pain
cardiotoxicity d/t OD, anticholinergic, orthostatic hypoTN
contraindicated for pt’s w/CV dz, seizuresblue urine

127
Q

amiodarone

A

cardiac dysrhythmias
baseline testing needed
dysrhythmias, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary toxicity, thyroid dysfunction, photosensitivity, visual disturbances

128
Q

alprazolam

A

benzodiazepine anti-anxiety
may cause ASI: ataxia, insomnia, impaired memory
hepatotoxic, addictive
avoid: ETOH, other CNS depressants

129
Q

albuterol

A

short term beta2 agonist rescue med for asthma

tachycardia, tremors

130
Q

adenosine

A

IV push anti-dysrhythmic stops the heart
short half life
resuscitation equipment on hand
avoid: caffeine

131
Q

activated charcoal

A 
drug overdose
lipid soluble meds best absorbed
don't give w/milk products
may give prophylactic antinausea med
pt must be awake/alert to avoid aspiration
132
Q

acetylcysteine

A

antidote for acetaminophen OD - replaces glutathione

133
Q

acetaminophen

A

similar to NSAID - fever, pain reduced
only3-4g daily maximum dose
hepatotoxic

134
Q

clopidogrel

A

antiplatelet aggregation
GI, sx of bleeding: increased HR, decreased BP, ecchymosis, coffee-ground emesis, melena
avoid: herbals “g”

135
Q

heparin

A

rapid acting, short half-life anticoagulant
requires close monitoring of PTT:
nml = 40sec, therapeutic = 60-80sec
sx of bleeding: increased HR, decreased BP, ecchymosis, coffee-ground emesis, melena
avoid: herbals “g”

antidote: protamine

136
Q

enoxaparin

A

rapid acting, longer half-life anticoagulant
less monitoring needed
must inject in subcutaneous “love handles”, don’t twist cap/aspirate, leave air bubble in syringe
must take at same time daily
sx of bleeding: increased HR, decreased BP, ecchymosis, coffee-ground emesis, melena
avoid: herbals “g”

antidote: protamine

137
Q

warfarin

A

5 day delayed onset
must monitor PT/INR:
nml = 1, therapeutic = 2-3, mechanical heart valves = 3-4.5
must maintain vitamin K levels (leafy greens, mayo)
avoid: herbals “g”

antidote: vitamin K

138
Q

protamine sulfate

A

antidote for heparin, enoxaparin anticoagulants

139
Q

epoeitin alpha

A

anti-anemia - synthetic erythropoeitin

HTN, risk CV events, tumor progression

140
Q

darbepoetin alpha

A

long acting anti-anemia - synthetic erythropoeitin

HTN, risk CV events, tumor progression

141
Q

ferrous sulfate

A 
iron deficient anemia
take b/w meals w/OJ to increase absorption
nausea, constipation, dark green/melena
liquid form stains teeth
avoid: antacid, dairy, caffeine
142
Q

iron dextran

A

iron deficient anemia

avoid: antacid, dairy, caffeine

143
Q

cyanocobalamin

A

deficient anemia - vitamin B12

hypokalemia

144
Q

blood

A

acute hemolytic rxn d/t ABO incompatability
sx occu w/in 20mins:
chills, fever, tachycardia, lower back pain, hematuria
stop transfusion STAT

145
Q

metformin

A 
biguanide type II diabetes
anorexia, N/V/D, flatulence, vitamin B12/folic acid deficiency
lactic acidosis - rare
need CBC q3months, monitor kidneys
avoid: excess ETOH d/t lactic acidosis
146
Q

glipizide

A

sulfonylurea type II diabetic
hypoglycemia, weight gain
take w/breakfast
avoid: ETOH d/t disulfiram-like rxn

147
Q

glyburide

A

sulfonylurea type II diabetic
hypoglycemia, weight gain
take w/breakfast
avoid: ETOH d/t disulfiram-like rxn

148
Q

glimepiride

A

sulfonylurea type II diabetic
hypoglycemia, weight gain
take w/breakfast
avoid: ETOH d/t disulfiram-like rxn

149
Q

insulin

A

diabetes
hypoglycemia
increased affect w/sulfonylreas, beta blockers, ETOH
counteracted w/thiazide diuretics, glucocorticoids
may tx hyperkalemia

150
Q

omeprazole

A 
proton pump inhibitor
slow onset, short half-life
rebound sx: reflux, heartburn, gas
pneumonia, osteoporosis, hypomagnesemia
don't crush/chew; take before breakfast
151
Q

esomeprazole

A 
proton pump inhibitor
slow onset, short half-life
rebound sx: reflux, heartburn, gas
pneumonia, osteoporosis, hypomagnesemia
don't crush/chew; take before breakfast
152
Q

pantoprazole

A 
proton pump inhibitor
slow onset, short half-life
rebound sx: reflux, heartburn, gas
pneumonia, osteoporosis, hypomagnesemia
don't crush/chew; take before breakfast
153
Q

lansoprazole

A 
proton pump inhibitor
slow onset, short half-life
rebound sx: reflux, heartburn, gas
pneumonia, osteoporosis, hypomagnesemia
don't crush/chew; take before breakfast
154
Q

ranitidine

A 
H2 blocker - stomach
diminished effect over time
rebound sx if abruptly stopped
confusion w/poor renal function
avoid: antacid w/in 1h
155
Q

cimetidine

A

H2 blocker - stomach
diminished effect over time
rebound sx if abruptly stopped
confusion w/poor renal functionavoid: antacid w/in 1h

156
Q

famotidine

A 
H2 blocker - stomach
diminished effect over time
robound sx if abruptly stopped
confusion w/poor renal function
avoid: antacid w/in 1h
157
Q

ondansetron

A 
antiemetic
blocks 5HT3 (no effect on anxiety etc)
"clean"
headache, D/constipation, dizziness, prolonged QT interval-->torsades-->vFib
best if administered prophylactically
158
Q

metoclopramide

A

antiemetic
blocks D2, 5HT3 and promotes gastric motility
EPS, drowsiness
do NOT take >3months

159
Q

docusate sodium

A

stool softener

useful for: prophylactic, painful elimination, prevention of straining

160
Q

polyethylene glycol

A 
osmotic laxative
BM in 2-4 days
well-tolerated
mix in 4-8 ounces of any fluid
dehydration
161
Q

bisacodyl

A

stimulant (irritant)
BM in 12h PO, 1h PO
very STRONG, very harsh

162
Q

lactulose

A

osmotic
helps intestines excrete ammonia
expensive, flatulence, cramping, dehydration

163
Q

alteplase

A

anticoagulant - dissolves clots
used for MI, stroke, central line clot
huge risk of bleeding

164
Q

sucralfate

A

coats stomach up to 6h
take before meals and 1h b/w other meds
constipation

165
Q

polyethylene glycol 3350 w/electrolytes

A

osmotic (pulls water)
used for bowel surgery or colonoscopy
massive diarrhea, dehydration
pts must drink 1 gallon, may mix w/clear flavoring

166
Q

filgrastim

A

stimulates bone marrow to produce neutrophils
reduced risk of infection
bone pain (common), leukocytosis

167
Q

potassium chloride

A

potassium supplement

168
Q

sodium polystyrene sulfonate

A

laxative tx for hyperkalemia

169
Q

oxybutynin

A

overactive bladder - blocks M3 receptors
anticholinergic
tachycardia
contraindicated in pts w/glaucoma and myasthenia gravis

170
Q

ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone

A 
oral contraceptive
thick mucus
1 wk rest period w/placebo
DVT, PE, MI, stroke
increased breast tumor progression
avoid: st. john's wort, antiseizure, certain abx
171
Q

norethindrone

A

oral contraceptive
doesn’t stop ovulation
no rest period
slightly lessened risk of DVT, PE, MI, stroke
avoid: st. john’s wort, antiseizure, certain abx
increased breast tumor progression

172
Q

tamsulosin

A

selective BPH alpha 1 blocker

abnl ejaculation

173
Q

doxazosin

A

nonselective BPH alpha 1 blocker

hypoTN, dizziness, nasal congestion, sleepiness

174
Q

finasteride

A

BPH 5 alpha reductase inhibitor
teratogenic
decreased libido, abnl ejaculation
falsely decrease PSA levels

175
Q

dutasteride

A

BPH 5 alpha reductase inhibitor
teratogenic
decreased libido, abnl ejaculation
falsely decrease PSA levels

176
Q

sildenafil

A

PDE5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction, pulmonary HTN
hypoTN, priapism, sudden hearing loss
avoid: nitrates w/in 24h, alpha blockers

177
Q

tadalafil

A

PDE5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction, BPH
hypoTN, priapism, sudden hearing loss
lasts 36h
avoid: nitrates w/in 24h, alpha blockers

178
Q

vardenafil

A

PDE5 inhibitor for erectile dysfunction
hypoTN, priapism, sudden hearing loss
avoid: nitrates w/in 24h, alpha blockers

179
Q

oxytocin

A 
increases strength, frequency, and length of contractions (induce labor)
use pump and monitor closely
STOP if:
resting uterine pressure>15-20mmHg
contraction duration>1min
contraction freq<2-3min
pronounced alteration of FHR or rhythm
180
Q

methylergonovine

A

controls postpartum bleeding and causes POWERFUL contractions
high risk of HTN

181
Q

terbutaline

A

suppresses preterm labor by activating beta2 uterine receptors to relax uterus
tachycardia, hypoTN, pulm edema, hyperglycemia

182
Q

magnesium sulfate

A

used for preeclampsia (prevent seizures)
NTI
toxicity: RR<12, loss of DTR, hypoTN, decreased urinary output
antidote: calcium gluconate

183
Q

calcium gluconate

A

antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity

184
Q

amoxicillin

A

beta lactam abx
allergic rxn: rash to anaphylaxis w/in 30min
cross-sensitivity to cephalosporins

185
Q

cephalexin

A

beta lactam abx
allergic rxn: rash to anaphylaxis w/in 30min
C.diff superinfection: watery diarrhea
tx w/metronidazole or vancomycin

186
Q

imipenem

A

beta lactam abx

187
Q

metronidazole

A

abx antidote for cephalosporin C.diff superinfection

188
Q

vancomycin

A

abx antidote for cephalosporin C.diff superinfection

PO stays in GI tract d/t size

189
Q

tetracycline

A 
tetracycline protein synth inhibitor abx
esophageal ulcer - avoid taking hs
food interactions - milk, Ca2+, Mg, Fe, antacids
teeth discoloration <8yo
photosensitivity
190
Q

erythromycin

A

macrolide protein synth inhibitor abx

metallic taste, prolonged QT intervals

191
Q

azithromycin

A

macrolide protein synth inhibitor abx

metallic taste, prolonged QT intervals

192
Q

gentamycin

A

aminoglycoside protein synth inhibitor abx

nephrotoxic, ototoxic, inactivated by -cillins if mixed together

193
Q

neomycin

A

aminoglycoside protein synth inhibitor abx

nephrotoxic, ototoxic, inactivated by -cillins if mixed together

194
Q

amikacin

A

aminoglycoside protein synth inhibitor abx

nephrotoxic, ototoxic, inactivated by -cillins if mixed together

195
Q

tobramycin

A

aminoglycoside protein synth inhibitor abx

nephrotoxic, ototoxic, inactivated by -cillins if mixed together

196
Q

streptomycin

A

aminoglycoside protein synth inhibitor abxnephrotoxic, ototoxic, inactivated by -cillins if mixed together

197
Q

cipofloxacin

A

fluoroquinolone abx - UTI, traveller’s diarrhea, anthrax
achilles tendon rupture - avoid <18yo
photsensitivity - elderly, corticosteroids, organ transplant
food interactions - dairy, aluminum/Mg antacids, iron

198
Q

levofloxacin

A

fluoroquinolone abx
achilles tendon rupture - avoid <18yo
photsensitivity - elderly, corticosteroids, organ transplant
food interactions - dairy, aluminum/Mg antacids, iron

199
Q

moxifloxacin

A

fluoroquinolone abx
achilles tendon rupture - avoid <18yo
photsensitivity - elderly, corticosteroids, organ transplant
food interactions - dairy, aluminum/Mg antacids, iron

200
Q

norfloxacin

A

fluoroquinolone abx
achilles tendon rupture - avoid <18yo
photsensitivity - elderly, corticosteroids, organ transplant
food interactions - dairy, aluminum/Mg antacids, iron

201
Q

ofloxacin

A

fluoroquinolone abx
achilles tendon rupture - avoid <18yo
photsensitivity - elderly, corticosteroids, organ transplant
food interactions - dairy, aluminum/Mg antacids, iron

202
Q

sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

A

UTI - blocks bacterial folic acid creation at two different points in the pathway
hypersensitivity, crystalluria (drink 8+glasses H20), kernicterus
contraindicated in pregnant women and infants<2months

203
Q

nitrofurantoin

A

UTI - destroys bacterial DNA
brown urine, GI - take w/food, (rare) peripheral neuropathy
contraindicated in pt’s w/renal impairment

204
Q

phenazopyridine

A

UTI - analgesic to bladder mucosa
orange-red urine
GI - take w/food

205
Q

isoniazid

A

TB
peripheral neuropathy
antidote: vitamin B6

206
Q

pyrazinamide

A

TB
requires mult abx for 2mo-6yrs
hepatotoxicity
numerous CYP interactions

207
Q

ethambutol

A 
TB
requires mult abx for 2mo-6yrs
hepatotoxicity
numerous CYP interactions
red-green color blindness
208
Q

rifampin

A 
TB
requires mult abx for 2mo-6yrs
hepatotoxicity
numerous CYP interactions
red-orange secretions
209
Q

vitamin B6

A

antidote for isoniazid peripheral neuropathy

210
Q

ketocanazole

A

antifungal, well-tolerated

hepatotoxic, numerous CYP interactions

211
Q

fluconazole

A

antifungal, well-tolerated

hepatotoxic, numerous CYP interactions

212
Q

micoconazole

A

antifungal, well-tolerated

hepatotoxic, numerous CYP interactions

213
Q

amphotericin B

A 
antifungal
phlebitis
nephrotoxic
hypokalemia - pump ONLY
anemia
infusion rxn: fever, chills, rigors, HA
tx: acetaminophen w/benadryl, or dantrolene
avoid: NSAIDs, aminoglycosides, diuretics
214
Q

acyclovir

A

HSV/herpes zoster antifungal
HA, N/V, phlebitis (common)
crystal urea, altered mental status (rare)
pt must drink H2O

215
Q

valacyclovir

A 
HSV/herpes zoster antifungal
prodrug w/increased absorption
HA, N/V, phlebitis (common)
crystal urea, altered mental status (rare)
pt must drink H2O
216
Q

oseltamivir

A

flu, well-tolerated
N/V
take w/in 48h to decrease duration of sx

217
Q

methotrexate

A 
rheumatoid arthritis - folic acid inhibitor
N/D (common), GI ulcer
decreased bone barrow production
pneumonitis
hepatotoxic
renal failure
infection
severe rash
218
Q

hydroxychloroquine

A 
rheumatoid arthritis, malaria
better tolerated, less effective
usually combined w.methotrexate
take w/food
retinal damage
219
Q

infliximab

A

rheumatoid arthritis - TNF blocker
common:
injection site rxn, infections

rare:
severe allergic rxn, heart failure, hepatotoxic, cancer

220
Q

adalimumab

A

rheumatoid arthritis - TNF blocker
common:
injection site rxn, infections

rare:
severe allergic rxn, heart failure, hepatotoxic, cancer

221
Q

etanercept

A

rheumatoid arthritis - TNF blocker
common:
injection site rxn, infections

rare:
severe allergic rxn, heart failure, hepatotoxic, cancer

222
Q

allopurinol

A

prevention and tx gout, full effect in 1-2mo

effective if uric acid <6mg/mL

223
Q

colchicine

A

prevention and tx gout
diarrhea (common)
myopathy, bone marrow supression

224
Q

alendronate

A

osteoporosis bisphosphonate
take AM upright on empty stomach w/H2O
GI sx: heartburn, ab pain, diarrhea
hypocalcemia, osteonecrosis of the jaw

225
Q

ibandronate

A

osteoporosis bisphosphonate
take AM upright on empty stomach w/H2O
GI sx: heartburn, ab pain, diarrhea
hypocalcemia, osteonecrosis of the jaw

226
Q

risedronate

A

osteoporosis bisphosphonate
take AM upright on empty stomach w/H2O
GI sx: heartburn, ab pain, diarrhea
hypocalcemia, osteonecrosis of the jaw

227
Q

raloxifene

A

osteoporosis - mimics bone estrogen
hot flashes, leg cramp, edema, weight gain, thromboembolism, stroke
decreased cancer risk

228
Q

cycophosphamide

A 
CA - cytotoxic agent
tx wide variety of CA
bone marrow suppression, N/V, alopecia
damage to bladder mucosa-->hemorrhagic cystitis
antidote: 3L fluid daily, mesna
229
Q

cisplatin

A

CA - cytotoxic agent
derived from platinum
bone marrow suppression, N/V, alopecia
nephrotoxic, ototoxic

230
Q

methotrexate (CA)

A 
CA - cytotoxic agent
MASSIVE dose
bone marrow suppression, N/V, alopecia
nephrotoxic
antidote for healthy cells: leucovorin
231
Q

doxorubicin

A 
CA - cytotoxic agent
bone marrow suppression, N/V, alopecia
bright red-->turns urine and sweat red
cardiotoxic-->dysrhythmias
max dose: 550mg/m2
232
Q

vincristine

A

CA - cytotoxic agent

nerve damage–>neuropathy, decreased DTR, constipation, urinary hesitancy

233
Q

tamoxifen

A

hormonal agent - blocks estrogen receptors for breast CA
hot flashes, endometrial CA, blood clots
increases bone density, improves cholesterol

234
Q

leuprolide

A

hormonal agent - decreased production of testosterone for prostate CA
decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, gynecomastia, reduced muscle mass, hot flashes
alternative to castration

235
Q

leucovorin

A

antidote for CA dose of methotrexate to salvage healthy cells

236
Q

emtricitabine/tenovir

A

backbone of other HIV tx
common: N/D, rash, dyslipidemia, fat redistribution, osteoporosis
rare: acute renal failure, peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis
BBW 1: fatty liver dz that manifests as lactic acidosis
BBW 2: hep B exacerbation; test b4 initiating tx

237
Q

efavirenz

A

HIV NNRTI
self-resolving skin rash
CNS effects: depression, paranoia, aggression, euphoria, hallucinations, sedation
taken at night on empty stomach to reduce CNS effects

238
Q

rilpivirine

A

HIV NNRTI
take w/food
depression, dizziness (less serious than efavirenz)
prolonged QT interval

239
Q

elvitegravir/cobicistat

A

HIV INSTI/CYP inhibitor
take w/food
D/N
CNS effects: depression, paranoia, aggression, euphoria, hallucinations, sedation

NUR 409 Pharmacotherapeutics (38 decks)

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