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Psychology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Motivation

A

psychological and biological relations of which cause us to act towards potential goals

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2
Q

Drives

A

stimulation that our brain generates to push us to address basic biological needs

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3
Q

allostasis

A

processes that allow us to develop a state of readiness for anticipated future demands on our biological systems.

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4
Q

Detecting glucse

A

glucostats in hypo.

low glucose –> hypo stim feelings of hunger –> we eat, expansion of intestines –> CCK –> enough cck = full

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5
Q

unit bias

A

the bias to behave as though the amount of food we receive is just the right amount for us to achieve satiation.

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6
Q

social facilitation

A

eating more because of the behaviour and expectations of other people.

ex: eating less would offend a dinner host

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7
Q

minimal eating norm

A

social contexts that discourage very much eating.

ex: on a date

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8
Q

modeling

A

when the behaviours of other during a social event causes us to restrain our appetite.

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9
Q

increase in obesity and overweight

A

20 and 60

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10
Q

reproduction suppression hypothesis

A

eating disorders = low body fat = amenorrhea

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11
Q

sex drive

A

the human need for sexual contact, biological need, = libido

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12
Q

alfred kinsey

A

studied human sexuality

kinsey scale: homosexuality and heterosexuality are two extremes of sexual orientation continuum.

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13
Q

William Masters and Virginia Johnson

A

studied physiological responses to having sex

had volunteers have intercourse.
- continuous sexual response cycle for m and f.

  1. excitement
  2. plateau
  3. orgasm
  4. resolution
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14
Q

female vs male cycles

A

females have more variation because they do not reach orgasm as often.
21-32% do not, whereas for males this is only 2%

also because females can orgasm more than once without a refractory period.

psychological experience is the same tho.

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15
Q

hypothalamus

A

generates the orgasm and secretes oxytocin after.

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16
Q

Sexual scripts

A

socially and culturally defined expectations about the sexual behaviours of male and female members of a society.

men = playboys
f = face scorn for doing this
17
Q

Gender equality trends

A
  1. women rights movement
  2. women working, getting their on salaries
  3. invention of the birth control pill
18
Q

sex in ads

A

27 clothing
29 meds
36 beauty
38 health

27 ads were charged

19
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

Hierarchy of needs –> different motivations are more important than others. must fulfill lower ones before going higher.

Bottom-up
physiological needs
safety needs
belongingness and love needs 
esteem needs 
cognitive needs
aesthetic needs
self actualization needs
20
Q

belongingness

A

fulfilled when the relationship is thought to be permanent

ultimate fulfillment = love

21
Q

passionate love

A

love that is tied to physical attraction and the intense desire to have sexual contact with the other person.

personal pain and euphoria, honeymoon phase

22
Q

companionate love

A

love emerging from feelings of warmth, contentment, trust, as well as deep knowledge of the other person and strong admiration for them.

strongly related to long term rel.

23
Q

esteem needs

A

AKA = achievement motivations

achieving goals that are prestigious

they stimulate approach goals –> money, self esteem, popularity
stimultes avoidance goals too –> embarrassment, emotional pain, and financial losses.

preferences, environment determines whether they think they will succeed.

24
Q

universal needs

A
  1. relatedness: need to feel connected to others
  2. autonomy: control over life
  3. competence: the ability to develop a satisfying level of skill in some area.
25
Q

self efficacy

A

one’s belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task.

26
Q

self determination theory

A

competence, autonomy, relatedness

our ability to succeed in achieving our goals, our happiness, and our health depends on whether we have control over our ability to achieve those goals.

27
Q

the over justification effect

A

applying extrinsic rewards to an intrinsically enjoyable behaviour can cause people to enjoy the behaviour less and may reduce their motivation to engage in the behaviour

ex: betting in sports

28
Q

Essential components to emotional experiences

A
  1. brain activity/phsiological arousal
  2. a conscious experience or thought
  3. a behavioural expression

MUST BE ALL 3

29
Q

stages of the emotional experience

A
  1. initial response stage
  2. autonomic response stage
  3. emotion response stage
  4. emotional reaction stage
30
Q

James lange theory

A

sensory stim –> stim received –> emotional expression and physiological response –> emotional experience (Fear)

31
Q

cannon bard theory

A

some organs are not quick enough to respond to emotional stimuli (physiological response)
- emotional expression and emotional experience at the same time.

32
Q

facial feedback hypothesis

A

james lange –> facial expression comes before emotional experience.

when we smile we feel happy

33
Q

schachter and singer

A

two factor theory

stimulus (dog) –> physiological response (eyes dilate) –> cognitive appraisal –> cognitive feeling of fear.

34
Q

s and s experiment

A

epinephrine injection

35
Q

Paul ekman

A

how emotion determine our facial expressions
facial expressions might be innately acquired for survival benefits from our ancestors.

discovered CROSS CULTURAL CONSISTENCY associated with 6 basic emotions.
- people had no difficulty identifying the facial expression of other cultures.

36
Q

6 basic emotions

A 
fear
anger
disgust
sadness
happiness
surprised
37
Q

emotional dialects

A

differences in emotional expression tendencies across cultures.

ex: different greetings

38
Q

display rules

A

the contexts in which members of a culture consider expressing emotions to be appropriate.

Psychology (14 decks)

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