Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Clinical Psych

A

area of psych devoted to understand and treating mental disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

trepanning

A

in middle ages, mental disorder rose from evil spirits and possessions
trepanning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

trepanning

A

hole drilled into skull to release spirits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Although mental disorders started to be viewed as having a biological cause… inappropriate use of treatments were used

A 
caging- restrict movement
birching- beating the disorder out
tranquilizer- minimize sensory outputs
water therapy- spray out the disorder
bloodletting- remove bad blood
rotational therapy-shock and vomit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

philippe pinel and dorothea dix

A

Moral treatment movement

- treat people that are instituationalized the same as normal people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pharmaceutical solution

A

chloropromazine, eliminated worst symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The medical model

A

approach focusing on reducing mental disorder symptoms, but the root causes of mental disorder are far more complicated.

not good for physical illnesses either

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Statistical abnormality

A

defining a mental disorder based on statistics of that behaviour or symptom in a community during that time

Not good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Maladaptive behaviour

A

best way to identify you might have a mental disorder

  1. distress
  2. impair daily functioning
  3. increase the likelihood that the person or those around them will experience harm or injury.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DSM-5

A

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

2013
3 types of info
1. describes the number and types of symptoms that define that disorder. 
2. typical etiology (cause)
3. pronosis (progress)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

criticism of DSM5

A
  1. different therapist will diagnose diff disorders for same person
  2. what is viewed as a mental disorder changes over time
  3. Labelling someone with a mental disorder, seemed unchangeable, permanent
  4. some diagnoses might be a way to justify controlling inconvenient behaviour with meds, rather than representing an actual mental disorder.
  5. the number of symptoms a person must have to receive a disorder is arbitrary and determining who does vs who doesnt have a symptom can be subjective.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

david rosenham

A

being sane in insane place study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mental disorder defense

A

explaining criminal records as a conseq. of extreme and abnormal state of mind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Personality disorders

A

the patterns of maladaptive behaviour, emotional reactions, or patterns of thinking are very resistant to change.

Behavior that define these disorders are

  1. quite rare within one’s culture
  2. maladaptive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how many personality disorder is DSM5

A

10 –> in 3 clusters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cluster A

A

statistically unusual and problematic behaviour patterns
Paranoid PD
Schizoid PD
Schizotypal PD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Paranoid PD

A

irrational fearful and untrusting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Schizoid PD

A

socially uninterested; not influence by other’s opinions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Schizotypal PD

A

highly superstitious, unusually religious and eccentric.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cluster B

A 
unpredictable and unusual emotional reaction and emotion-related behavior
Antisocial
borderline
histrionic
narcissistic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

antisocial

A

no remorse, no empathy, and prone to cruelty and risk taking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

borderline

A

wildly fluctuate from + to - emotional states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

histrionic

A

outrageous types who must be centre of attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

narcissistic

A

nobody is better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

avoidant

A

feelings of social inadequacy, sensitive to rejection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

dependent

A

excessively needy in social rel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

obsessive-compulsive

A

rigid, perfectionist behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

borderline PD

A

fluctuate - and + states
cant maintain long term rel. possessive, manipulate friends and partners to control jealousy and fear of abandonment

result of abusive, bad parenting

manage emotions by self destructive behaviours, cutting, substance abuse, gambling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

narcissistic PD

A

im the best
unethical to those who are threats
throw fits when dont get what they want

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

histrionic pd

A

center of attention
charming provacative outrageous
to get attention risky behaviour.
aggressive at defending against threats to their role as the most popular.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

antisocial PD

A

no remorse.
selfish, will lie, cheat, steal, abuse others to achieve goals.
cause pain to others and animals
clever ones will hide tracks, punishments are not seen as deterrent, just an obstacle.
low baseline for stimulation causes them to act in violent behaviours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

psychological influences on PDs

A

low confidence and fear that they are worthless -> Narcissistic and histrionic
lack of confidence –> borderline, also lack of sense of self
absence of normal stress responses –> antisocial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Environmental influences

A

for all 4 –> childhood physical, sexual, or emotional abuse or neglect are major risk factors
APD –> numbness from childhood treated with extreme cruelty

34
Q

Biological influences

A

from genes that generate high responsiveness in emotion related brain areas.

35
Q

co-morbidity

A

when a person possesses the features of more than one mental disorder.

36
Q

dissociative identity disorders –> falls under dissociative disorders.

A

Multiple personality disorder, involve severe disconnection between a persons conscious awareness and their feelings, behaviours, or memories or even their own identity.

37
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

indiv loses large chunks of their identity and personal history, in the absence of any neurological damage.

usually happens after a traumatic event, to forget what happened.

38
Q

depersonalization disorder

A

indiv develops the strong impression that they are not actually a part of their own body.

body belongs to another entity.

39
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

loses their memory for significant chunks of their life experience, without any neurological basis for explaining it.

40
Q

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A

when a person experiences their personality as having divided into separate entities called alters.

emerges to protect part of one’s consciousness from the pain of emotionally traumatic experiences.

41
Q

anxiety disorders

A

Characterized by fear responses that are out of proportion to the true threat posed by the source of one’s fear.

maladaptive because –> they limit their life experiences to avoid anxiety

fight or flight.

42
Q

General anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

react with intense fear to normal daily stressor/life challenges

constantly worrying that bad things will happen to them even if the chances of that is low.

occupy their minds, cant sleep, avoid social situations

43
Q

panic disorder

A

state of anxiety is not constant, extreme unpredictable burst of fear and dread.

10 mins long, state of calmness after.

44
Q

agoraphobia

A

occurs when a person’s fear of having a panic attack in public causes them to avoid public places.

45
Q

specific phobias

A

indiv possesses extreme, irrational fear of particular objects, activities or organisms.

more likely to occur in those who are more emotionally reactive.

46
Q

social phobias

A

chronic concerns over being judged negatively by other and constant fear of being publicly humiliated.

extreme discomfort in crowds.

maintain strict routines

47
Q

Best way to overcome fears to anxiety, specific and social phobias

A

exposure

48
Q

obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

combo of irrational, persistent thought (or obsessions) and the irresistible urge to engage in repetitive behaviours (or compulsions)

separate disorder all by itself.

49
Q

disorders responsive to treatments are..

A

Anxiety and OCDs.

50
Q

mood disorders

A

these disorders all relate to sever disruptions in a person\s emotional state, typically resulting in maladaptive behaviours and thought patterns.

10% of Canada and US.

51
Q

Types of mood disorders

A

major depression and bipolar disorder

52
Q

major depression

A

lengthy, period of deep sadness, the perception of oneself as incompetent and worthless, and the belief that nothing in one’s life will ever improve.

thought processes filled with -tivity and unpleasant memories

impairments in decision making and memory

physical symptoms: fatigue, digestive problems, sleeping troubles, headaches, and joint pain, mental confusion, memory problems and irritability.

find that their lives are getting worse overtime.

53
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

alternating periods of + moods and - moods.

length of time can vary.

shifts in self esteem

2 phases–> 1. manic phase, 2. depressive phase

54
Q

manic phase

A

participation in risky behaviours and generates a tendency to push beyond the limits of one’s physical and mental capabilties.

55
Q

depressive phase

A

embarrassed of their behaviours. regret what they did in manic.

56
Q

% in one year bipolar vs major depression

% lifetime

A

2.5% and 7%

4% and 16%

57
Q

personal attributions

A

thinking ur failures and difficulties are a result of your own personal abilities and character.

58
Q

stable attributions

A

thinking one’s flaws cannot be changed as a result of their failures.

59
Q

global attributions

A

interpreting failures and difficulties in one area as reflecting a general ineptness and lack of capacity to achieve positive results in any area.

60
Q

the biological basis of major depression

A

genetic component shown by twin studies

serotonin circuits
- maintain energy levels and emotion
- underactive when disorder is there
- low levels of serotonin = low energy
Two major brain structures
- limbic system
-->emotions and processing emotionally charged info. Overactive.
- dorsal region of frontal lobes
--> maintain concentration and inhibit - thoughts
--> inactive
61
Q

sociocultural basis of major dep.

A

living in poverty

fewer opportunities to cope with stress, social support because everyone already focused on themselves.

62
Q

% of mood disorders and anxiety disorder and schizophrenia

A

29% anxiety
20 mood
1.1 schiz.

63
Q

schizophrenia

A

severe disruption in the association between a person’s thought about and perception of reality.

often disorganized and incoherent thought

symptoms may be gradual or rapid

arise from combo of genetics and environment

mostly found in people who lack social support from family. also traumatic events.

64
Q

Phases of schiz.

A

prodromal phase, active phase, residual phase

65
Q

prodromal phase

A

indiv experiences cognitive deficits, and increase in confusion and problems maintaining logical thinking.

person becomes more socially isolated, spending more time with their disturbing thoughts.

66
Q

active phase

A

person will develop strange delusions (or beliefs about themselves, other people or the world that are simply not consistent with reality)

vivid disturbing hallucinations

structure of thoughts and speech become illogical and incoherent, emotions and behaviour become strange, unpredictable and erratic. –> starts in prodromal

67
Q

residual phase

A

the most prominent symptoms decline, but a very suppressed willingness to engage in activities or social contact often remains.

68
Q

Subtypes of schiz

A

paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, residual

69
Q

paranoid schiz

A

symptoms: paranoid delusions

70
Q

disorganized schiz

A

the dominant symptoms are incoherent and illogical thoughts, behaviours and emotional reactions

71
Q

catatonic schiz

A

personal may remain paralyzed in very unusual positions, for extremely long periods of time.

72
Q

undifferentiated schiz

A

combo of symptoms of other subtypes.

73
Q

residual schiz

A

symptoms are typical either the prodromal or residual phase.

74
Q

+ symptoms of schiz

A

symptoms that result in engaging maladaptive behaviours

ex: hallucination, delusions and disorganized thinking

75
Q
  • symptoms of schiz
A

symptoms that generate an absence of adaptive behaviours

ex: flat effect, social isolation, lack of motivation

76
Q

biological basis of schiz

A

twin adoption and family studies show there is a genetic influence.
linked to deficiencies in the prefrontal cortex
- region is resp for planning and motivation and keeping our conscious thoughts and perceptions organized.
the brain ventricles tend to be larger. b/c less brain matter in limbic sys.

overactive dopamine circuits –> hallucinations and delusions

underactive glutamate circuits, causing impairments in memory, organized thinking, motivation, and impulse control.

77
Q

environmental basis of schiz

A

those born in the winter –> mothers get sick

maternal stress during preg and experiencing high stress levels or abuse during childhood.

78
Q

neurodevelopmental hypothesis

A

the idea that schiz originates from - events very early in a person’s life, including during the utero.

79
Q

HIGH EE families

A

high in emotional-expressiveness

  • critical, impatient, intolerant
  • increase severity of schiz by 3-4 times within 9 months.
80
Q

LOW-EE

A

supportive, and non judgmental, reduce symptoms,

Psychology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions