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AP Psych > Motivation, Emotion, & Stress > Flashcards

Motivation, Emotion, & Stress Flashcards

1
Q

Motivation

A

A need of desire that energies & directs behavior

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2
Q

Instinct

A

A complex , unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species

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3
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

The ideas that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivated an organism to satisfy the need

THEYRE INADEQUATE

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4
Q

Homeostasis

A

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state ; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry
Such as blood glucose

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5
Q

Incentive

A

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

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6
Q

Yerkes Dodson law

A

The principle that performance increases w arousal only up to a point , beyond which performance decreases

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7
Q

Hierarchy of needs

A

Maslow pyramid of human needs t

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8
Q

Optimal arousal theory

A

Explains that motivated behaviors may decrease or increase arousal

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9
Q

Glucose

A

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood & provides the major source of energy for body tissues
When it’s level is low , we feel hunger

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10
Q

Set point

A

The point at which an individual weight thermostat is supposedly set
When the body falls below this weight , an increase in hunger & a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight

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11
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A

The body resting rate of energy expenditure

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12
Q

Sexual response cycle

A

The four stages of sexual responding described by masters & Johnson - excitement , plateau , orgasm , resolution

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13
Q

Refractory period

A

A resting period after orgasm , during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

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14
Q

Sexual dysfunction

A

A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousing & functioning

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15
Q

Emotion

A

A response of the whole organism involves :
Physiological arousal
Expressive behaviors
Conscious experiences

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16
Q

James Lange theory

A

We experience emotion Bc of physiological change

Emotion providing
Physical
Emotion

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17
Q

Cannon bard theory

A

An emotion arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers both a physiological response & a subjective experience of emotion

Emotion producing stimulus
Physiological response
Feeling of emotion

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18
Q

Two factor theory

A

The schachter singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused & cognitively label the arousal

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19
Q

Stress

A

The process by which we perceive & respond to certain events called stressors , that we appraiser as threatening or challenging

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20
Q

General adaption syndrome

A

Around concept of the body adaptive response to stress in ; alarm resistance & exhaustion

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21
Q

Tend & befriend response

A

Under stress people often provide support to others & bond w & seek support from others

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22
Q

Psychophysiological

A

Literally , mind body illness , any stress related physical illness such as hypertension & headaches

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23
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

The study of how psychological , neural , & endocrine , process together affect the immune system & resulting health

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24
Q

Lymphocytes

A

The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body immune system

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25
Q

B lymphocytes

A

Form in the bone marrow & release antibodies that fight bacterial infections

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26
Q

T lymphocytes

A

Form in the thymus & other lymphatic tissue & attack cancer cells , viruses , & foreign substances

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27
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle

The least cause of death in many developed countries

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28
Q

Type a

A

Friedman & roseman term for competence , hard driving , impatient , verbally aggressive , & anger prone people

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29
Q

Type b

A

Friedman & roseman term for easy going relaxed people

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30
Q

Three components for motivation

A

Activation : invitation or production behavior
Persistence : continued effort to get something
Intensity : greater vigor of responding

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31
Q

Migration & mating behavior

A

A complex , inherited , unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species

32
Q

Arousal theory

A

We are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal
Based on individual or situation
Too low : watch movie or jog
Too high : mediating or book

33
Q

Incentive theory

A

Extrinsic motivation

Behavior is motivated solely by the pull of external rewards or punishment

34
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

When you are motivated by internal factors to do something for its own sake

35
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Motives come from the unconscious mind
Eros : your life instinct is the drive for survival
Thanatos : your death instinct

36
Q

Social acceptance

A

Behaviors are motivated by the desire to increase our social acceptance & inclusion in social groups

37
Q

Humanistic theory

A

People are motivated to satisfy a progression of internal needs , beginning w the most basic & moving towards the realization of personal potential
Abraham Maslow

38
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Mains homeostasis

39
Q

Lateral

A

Tells you that you’re hungry

40
Q

Ventromedical

A

Responsible for stop eating

41
Q

Which is a major source of energy in your body ?

A

Glucose

42
Q

Leptin

A

Protein secreted by fat cells
Too much ; increases metabolism & decreasing hunger
Too lil ; signals to increase hunger

43
Q

Orexins

A

The hunger triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus

44
Q

Gherlin

A

Secreted by an empty stomach

45
Q

PYY

A

digestive tract hormone that sends an I’m not hungry signal to the brain

46
Q

What makes you hungry

A

Orexin
Ghlrelin
Lateral

47
Q

Not hungry

A

Leptin
PYY
Ventromedical

48
Q

External factors that affect eating habits

A

Taste
Moods
Culture
Media

49
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Normal weight person diets & becomes under weight

50
Q

Bulima nervosa

A

Characterized by episodes of overrating , followed by vomiting , laxative use , or excessive exercise

51
Q

Achievement

A

A desire for significant accomplishment for master of things , people or ideas for attaining a high standard

52
Q

Theory x

A

Workers will only work w benefits or threatened w punishment

53
Q

Theory y

A

Workers have internal motivation to do goood work & only need encouragement

54
Q

Easier theory ; x or y

A

Theory x

55
Q

Powerful ; x or y

A

Theory y

56
Q

Approach - approach conflict

A

This occurs when you have a choice bwt two desirable outcomes

Concert or game ?

57
Q

Avoidance - avoidance conflict

A

Occurs when you must choose bwt to undesirable outcomes

Clean room or mow lawn

58
Q

Approach - avoidance conflict

A

A choice you are going to make bwt desirable & undesirable

Lactose but loves ice cream

59
Q

Physiological

A

Includes behaviors like heart pounding , dry mouth , & shortened breath

60
Q

Expressive behaviors

A

Includes external behaviors like a fast walk or jumping or smiling

61
Q

Conscious experience

A

Includes identifying thoughts & feelings

62
Q

Which is more powerful ? Extrinsic or instrisic

A

Intrinsic

63
Q

Drive reduction theory flow chart

A

Need ( food or water )
Drive ( hunger or thirst
Drive reducing behaviors ( eating or drinking )

64
Q

Do different emotions activate different physiological responses ?

A

No ; multiple emotions trigger multiple responses

Yes; different emotions do stimulate different facial feature

65
Q

A polygraph machine can identify the different physiological responses

A

W different emotions in order to detect lies

66
Q

How are emotions expressed ?

A

Emotions can be felt internal as the physiology of body changes & emotions can be project outwardly through ; facial expressions , body language , tone

67
Q

Facial feedback

A

Assuming emotional expressions & postures can trigger a feeling

68
Q

What shows emotion more ?

A

Facial expressions

69
Q

Carroll Izard basic emotions

A 
Joy 
Interest / excitement 
Surprise 
Sadness 
Anger
Disgust 
Contempt 
Fear
Shame
Guilt
70
Q

Two dimensional model of emotions

A

Explains positive & negative emotions - the value of any emotion is a measure of pleasantness combined w arousal

71
Q

Excitement

A

Beginning of stage

72
Q

Orgasm

A

Tissue thicken

73
Q

Plateau

A

Arousal at high level

74
Q

Resolution

A

Back to original

75
Q

Narcissism

A

Self esteem gone away

These people are self important , self focused

76
Q

Spillover effect

A

The tendency of one person emotion to affect how other people around them feel

77
Q

Robert zajonc theory on emotion

A

They believe that some simple emotional responses occur instantly not only outside our conscious awareness but before any cognitive processing occurs

AP Psych (17 decks)

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