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pathology > Urinary 5-Dz of Lower Urinary Tract > Flashcards

Urinary 5-Dz of Lower Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

When do you have urolithiasis?

A

An increase in the precipitation of stone-forming salts resulting in urinary calculi formation

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2
Q

What are the risk factors for developing urolithiasis?

A 
Genetic factors
Diet composition
Metabolism and liver function
Urine pH
Urine Temperature
Dehydration
Bacterial infection
Urinary Obstruction
Anatomic abnormalities
Drug excretion
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3
Q

_____ of urine leads to precipitation of mineral salts and protein?

A

supersaturation

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4
Q

What are the 5 common types of crystals in the urine?

Which one is considered the infection calculi?

A 
Struvite
Bilirubin 
Calcium carbonate
Amorphous
Calcium oxalate dihydrate
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5
Q

Why can urease positive bacteria promote struvite crystal formation?

A

The bacteria break down urease into ammonia which will cause a raise in pH, which is the favorable pH for this crystal

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6
Q

Which dog breed is predisposed to struvite crystals?

A

Miniature Schnauzer

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7
Q

Which animal do you commonly see bilirubin crystals in?

A

Dogs, especially in highly concentrated specimens

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8
Q

In other spp who have billirubin crystals, what disease should you suspect?

A

Cholestatic disease

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9
Q

Which crystal is common in herbivores?

Is this normal?

A

Calcium Carbonate

Yes, not associated with dz

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10
Q

What are amorphous crystals comprised of?

Acidic or Alk?

A

Urates (acidic)
phosphates (alkaline)
xanthine

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11
Q

Xanthine crystals occur in what breed?

Why do they occur?

A

Dalmatians

When they develop urate urolithiasis they are put on allopurinol therapy which develops xanthine

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12
Q

What crystal may occur due to secondary to a calcium metabolism disorder?
Hyperparathyroidism

A

Calcium oxalate dihydrate

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13
Q

What breeds are predisposed to calcium oxalate dihydrate

A

Mini schnauzers and bishon frise

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14
Q

Can drugs that excrete in the urine cause crystals?

Whats the most common drug associated with crystals?

A

Yes!!

TMS

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15
Q

What are the 2 inflammatory diseases of the lower urinary tract?

A

Acute and Chronic Cystitis

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16
Q

What is cystitis?

A

Inflammation of the urinary bladder

17
Q

Does cystitis happen more frequently in females or males?

A

Females!

18
Q

What are some toxic causes of cystitis?

A

Cantharidin toxicosis-horses. blister beetles in alfalfa hay

Bracken fern-cattle.

Mycotic may occur secondary to antimicrobial therapy or immunosuppression

viral cause is rare

19
Q

What are your lesions going to look like for acute cystitis?

A

Gross: edema, hemorrhage, ulceration, purulent exudate

Micro: Epithelial denudation, ulceration, hemorrhage, edema, suppurative infiltration, bacteria

20
Q

CS of acute cystitis

A

Dysuria/stranguria/hematuria
Sedimentation: erythrocytes, neuts, +/- bacteria
Pyrexia

21
Q

What are the most common causes of chronic cystitis? (2)

A

Chronic bacterial infection

Urolithiasis

22
Q

What are your lesions for Chronic Cystitis gonna look like?

A

Gross: Diffusely reddened, roughened, and thickened mucosa

Micro: epithelial hyperplasia, fibrosis, hemorrhage, and mononuclear infiltration, few neuts

23
Q

What is the most common type of tumor in the lower urinary tract?

A

Epithelial

24
Q

What are the two epithelial tumors that are common in the dog?

A

Transitional cell papilloma

TCC

25
Q

Where is the commonest place to find TCC

A

Trigone area

26
Q

Why do you need to resect a TCC ASAP?

A

TCC has a high metastatic rate

27
Q

What is the most common type of mesenchymal tumor in the lower urinary tract?

A

Leiomyoma

28
Q

What disease has clinical signs that are consistent with urinary obstruction-but isn’t?
Post Renal Azotemia
Pain
Hyperkalemia?

A

Hydroureter

Hydrourethra

pathology (20 decks)

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