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pathology > Hepatobiliary 3 > Flashcards

Hepatobiliary 3 Flashcards

1
Q

When do you most commonly see acute multifocal hepatocellular necrosis?

A

Viral hepatitis

Herpes, adeno, rift valley fever, wesselsbron, FIP, porcine circovirus2

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2
Q

Who do you see liver abscessations in?

A

Neonatal foals, ruminants

and feedlot cattle

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3
Q

What can cause liver abcessation?

A

Any damage to the GI tract can cause bacterial translocation into the portal circulation which seeds the liver with bacteria

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4
Q

What are some common bacteria that can cause liver abscessation

A

Corny
Nocardia
Actino
Trueperella

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5
Q

What bacteria causes Tyzzers dz?

A

Clostridium piliforme

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6
Q

What spp is Tyzzers dz most common in?

A

Foals

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7
Q

What stain do you need to use to see the bacilli?

A

Silver stains

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8
Q

What does the lesion of tyzzer dz look like?

A

Randomly distributed foci of hepatocellular necrosis surrounded by neutrophils and mononuclear cells

Also causes colitis, myocarditis

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9
Q

What causes infectious necrotic hepatitis and bacillary hemoglobinuria

A

Clostridium

necrotic-novyi

Hemoglobinuria-haemolyticum

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10
Q

What bacteria has some serovars that can cause severe intravascular hemolytic anemia which leads to centrilobular ischemic necrosis and prehepatic icterus?

A

Leptospirosis

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11
Q

What lesions are characterized by randomly distrubed foci of inflammation and necrosis with intralesional tachyzoites and bradyzoites

A

Toxoplasmosis

Neosporosis

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12
Q

What causes randomly distrubuted foci of inflammation and necrosis with intralesional yeast?

A

Fungal infections

Bastomyces, coccidiodes, histo, crypto, aspergillus

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13
Q

Nematodes can cause what? and how does the liver look?

A

Scarring fibrosis from migration

Milk spotted liver

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14
Q

What is a major nematode in pigs?

A

Ascaris suum

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15
Q

What cestode encysted larvae develop within the liver?

A

Taenia

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16
Q

What cestode parasitize carnivores and is zoonotic?

A

Echinoccocus granulosus

17
Q

Fasciola hepatica effects what animals? What part of the liver do they inhabit, causing what?

A

Sheep and cattle

Biliary system-causing chronic fibrosing cholangitis with cholestasis

18
Q

Fasciola hepatica can predispose animals to what?

A

Secondary clostridial spore proliferation.

19
Q

Where does fascioloides magna inhabit in aberrant hosts?

A

Hepatic parenchyma-more extensive hepatic injury and necrosis with eventual death

20
Q

Canine schistosomiasis, also called?

Who is the DH?

Where do the worms reside?

A

Heterobilharzia americana

Racoon

Mesenteric veins and release ova which become lodged in tissues and cause severe granulomatous inflammation of the liver, pancreas, intestines, and mesentery

21
Q

What is the most common response to hepatoxic injury?

A

Centrilobar necrosis

22
Q

What are some hepatotoxic agents?

A

Blue-green algae

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants

aflatoxin

poisonous mushrooms

chemicals

metals

drugs

23
Q

What is it in the blue green algae that is toxic? When can this occur?

A

Cyanobacteria

Algae blooms in late summer–accumulation of algae toxins-microcystin

24
Q

Lesion of blue-green algae tox?

A

Hemorrhagic gasteroenteritis and a red swollen necrohemorrhagic liver with:
Massive lobular necrosis leading to acute liver failure

25
Q

When will you see pyrrolizidine alkaloid tox? Who is most susceptible?

A

During drought conditions when there isn’t as much to eat. Also from chronic long term intoxications

Pigs

26
Q

What do the lesions from pyrrolizidine tox look like?

A

Diffuse hepatic fibrosis and biliary hyperplasia with variable nodular regneration

27
Q

What is converted by hepatic cytochrome p450 enzymes into toxic reactive intermediates?

A

Aflatoxins

28
Q

What does the lesion look like for aflatoxicosis?

A

Centrilobular to massive hepatocellular necrosis with steatosis and biliary hyperplasia

29
Q

Chronic Alfatoxicosis can lead to what?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

30
Q

What is characterized by severe centrilobar to massive hepatocellular necrosis by the cyclopeptide toxin?

A

Poisonous mushroom toxicity

31
Q

What is the poisonous mushroom we talked about?

A

Death cap

Amanita phalloides

32
Q

White phosphorous causes what? What was this in?

A

Periportal necrosis

Rodenticide

33
Q

This site of injury is usualyl necrosis due to the cytochrome p450 enzyme activity which is require for the formation of reactive toxic metabolites, what is the reason for this?

A

Drugs

34
Q

What spp is susceptible to drug hepatotoxicity? Why?

A

Cats

They can’t glucuronidate

35
Q

What are some suspected causes of idiosyncratic hepatoxicity?

A

Inherited or spontaneous genetic enzyme deficiency

Atypical immune reactions to drug metabolites

pathology (20 decks)

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