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Pathology > Alimentary 1 - Oral Cavity > Flashcards

Alimentary 1 - Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What do herbivores digest?

What do they need to digest this?

A

Cellulose

Fermentation chamber

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2
Q

What do carnivores digest?

What do they need to digest this?

A

Proteins

Enzymatic breakdown to AA

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3
Q

Proteins are degraded by?

A

Gastric pepsin

Pancreatic trypsin

chymotrypsin

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4
Q

Lipids are degraded into?

By what?

A

Fatty acids

Glycerol

by pancreatic lipase and bile salts

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5
Q

Carbs are degraded into?

By?

A

Simple sugars

pancreatic amylase

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6
Q

Single AA and small Peptides are absorbed by?

A

SI enterocytes

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7
Q

Where is most water reabsorbed?

A

SI

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8
Q

What part of the GI secretes potassium, chloride, and bicarb?

A

LI

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9
Q

What are your 5 portals of entry?

A 
Ingestion
Coughed up then swallowed
Hematogenous
Parasite migration
Bowel Rupture/perf
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10
Q

Defense Mechanisms

10

A 
Saliva
Resident Microflora
Gastric pH
Vomiting
Increased peristalsis during diarrhea
Secretions from liver and pancreas
Intestinal proteolytic enzymes
High rate of epithelial turnover
Innate Immunity
Adaptive immunity
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11
Q

What are your 2 developmental anomalies?

A

Palatoschisis

Cheiloschisis

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12
Q

What is it called when there is a failure of fusion of the lateral palatine processes?

A

Palatoschisis

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13
Q

What are some reasons for a palatoschisis?

A

Genetic mutation=spontaneous, hereditary, or toxin induced

Steroid admin during pregnancy in primates have been linkied.

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14
Q

What is considered to be a severe palatoschisis?

A

When it involves both the hard and soft palate

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15
Q

If you have a patient that is starving and/or aspirate pneumonia, why would you want to exam their oral cavity?

A

To see if they have a palatoschisis

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16
Q

What condition could interfere with suckling?

A

Cleft lip

Cheiloschisis

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17
Q

Def of Erosion

A

Partial thickness loss of epithelium

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18
Q

Ulcer Def

A

Full thickness necrosis of epithelium

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19
Q

What are some causes of erosions/ulcers?

A 
Viruses
Uremic Syndrome
Vit C def in primates and guinea pigs
Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex
FB-foxtail or splinters
20
Q

What are some viruses that can cause erosions/ulcers?

A 
BVD
Rinderpest
Malignant catarrhal fever
Calicivirus
Herpes
FIV
Bluetongue
FMD
Vesicular Stomatitis
Ves Exanthema of swine
Swine Ves Dz
Pox's
21
Q

What are some reasons you can get stomatitis and gingivitis

A 
Physical Trauma
Chemical injury
Infections
Inflammation
AI dz
22
Q

What are 2 systemic illnesses that can lead to oral lesions?

A

Uremic Syndrom

FIV-Lesions are associated w/reduction of CD4 lymphocytes

23
Q

What are 2 Pox dz or the oral cavity?

What do they look like histopathically?

A

Bovine Papular Stomatitis

Contagious Ecthyma (Orf)

Proliferation and necrosis with eosinophilic cytopasmic inclusion bodies

24
Q

What are 2 necrotizing Dz of the oral cavity?

A

Calf Diptheria

Noma

25
Q

CS of swollen cheeks, inappetence, pyrexia, and halitosis, can lead to extensive ulceration and formation of fibrinonecrotic membrane?

A

Calf Diptheria

26
Q

What bacteria is involved with Calf Diptheria?

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum

27
Q

Necrotizing gingivitis that extends into adjacent bone causing severe tissue destruction, and sometimes death

Associated with immunosupression

A

Noma

28
Q

What bacterias are associated with Noma

A

Fusobacterium necrophorum and spirochetes

29
Q

What is a dz in cats to look out for in the mouth?

Whats another name for it?

A

Eosinophillic stomatitis and gingivitis

Rodent Ulcer
Oral Eosinophilic granuloma

30
Q

Chronic inflammation and painful mouth with reddened and ulcerated gingival mucosa? Idiopathic named based on the histologic lesions

In cats

A

Feline Lymphoplasmacytic Stomatitis and gingivitis

31
Q

Whats the name for kissing ulcers in dogs?

A

Canine Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis

CUPS

32
Q

Whats the pathogenesis behind CUPS?

A

Dental plaques contain bacteria that release inflammatory mediators and toxins

33
Q

Whats an immune mediated dz of the oral cavity?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

34
Q

Whats the pathogenesis behind Pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Acantholysis (loss of intracellular connections) of epithelium of oral mucosa, mucocutaneous junctions, and skin (axilla and groin)

Caused by autoantibodies to desmosomal proteins in St Squamous epitelium

35
Q

What breeds is gingival hyperplasia common in?

A

Dogs

Brachycephalic breeds

36
Q

What else is on your DDx for gingival hyperplasia?

A

Neoplasias

37
Q

What can gingival hyperplasia be associated with?

A

Medications causing calcium antagonism

cyclosporine, phenytoin, oxodipine

38
Q

What age do you typically see Benign papillomas? and whats the prognosis for it?

A

Young dogs < 1

Great, tumors regress spontaneously and have long lasting immunity

39
Q

Whats an uncommon oral tumor that may occur in the oral cavity, esophagus, or intestines that is benign-w/o invasion or metastasis

A

Oral Plasmocytomas

40
Q

What neoplasia is very dangerous with a high percentage of them being malignant?

A

Malignant Melanoma

41
Q

Whats it called when a melanoma is non-pigmented or white to pinkish tan?

A

Amelanotic melanoma

42
Q

What neoplasm frequently affects the tonsils and tongue? Invasive and destructive

Whats the prognosis?

A

SCC

Poor

43
Q

Whats one more canine neoplasm to watch out for?

Whats a characteristic of it?

A

Fibrosarcoma

Locally destructive, rare metastasis

44
Q

Do you normally see benign tumors in cats?

A

NO

45
Q

What are your 2 malignant tumors to look out for in cats?

A

SCC-60%

Fibrosarcomas

46
Q

Where does SCC occur orally in the cat?

Prognosis?

A

Ventrolateral tongue and tonsils

Very poor unless excised VERY early

Pathology (20 decks)

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