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pathology > Alimentary 5 - Intestinal Pathogens > Flashcards

Alimentary 5 - Intestinal Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

Yellowish watery diarrhea, dehydration, weakness, lethargy, depression

Typically occurs around time of weaning, so when for diary calves and when for piglets?

A

Rotavirus

Calves-1st wk
Piglets 7 wks

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2
Q

Where does Rotavirus infect in the body?

A

Enterocytes of the upper 2/3 of the intestinal villus

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3
Q

What is the primary cause of diarrhea in a Rotavirus infection

A

Malabsorption due to enterocyte death and shortening of the affected villi

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4
Q

What is similar to rotavirus but is more virulent causing a longer and more severe dz w/high mortality than rota

A

Corona

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5
Q

Whats a very important coronavirus disease in swine production?

A

Transmissible gastroenteritis

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6
Q

What virus causes subclinical respiratory dz and clinically significant enteric dz?

A

Adenovirus

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7
Q

Enterotoxic Colibacillosis most commonly affects who?

A

Calves and piglets form 2d - 3wks

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8
Q

What causes Edema Dz in pigs?

A

Enterotoxic Colibacillosis

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9
Q

Whats the pathogenesis behind enterotoxic cholibacillosis?

A

ETEC use fimbriae to adhere to intestinal mucosa and secrete enterotoxins
They stimulate cAMP and cGMP pathways within the enterocytes leading to Cl secretion; water and sodium ions follow leading to diarrhea

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10
Q

What are your 3 dz E coli can cause?

A

Enterotoxigenic

Enterohemorrhagic

Enteropathogenic

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11
Q

Whats the pathogenesis behind enteropathogenic?

A

“Attaching and Effacing Ecoli”

Enterocyte BB is disrupted by AEEC. The loss of the BB leads to villous atrophy and diarrhea due to malabsorption

AEEC alters tight junction proteins btw enterocytes resulting in leakages of fluids into the lumen of the gut

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12
Q

Which E Coli has a shiga-like toxin aka verotoxin?

A

Enterohemorrhagic E coli

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13
Q

What bacteria is an important zoonotic pathogen that dogs and cats rarely suffer from, but 10% are carriers transmitting to humans?

What are the 3 forms of the dz?

A

Salmonellosis

Peracute
Acute
Chronic

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14
Q

Which form of salmonella can cause endotoxin mediated endothelial damage that leads to thrombosis, vascular fibrinoid necrosis, DIC, septic shock and death?

A

Peracute

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15
Q

Who does acute enteric salmonellosis effect?

A

Horses, cattle and pigs

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16
Q

What does the gross lesion of acute enteric salmonellosis look like?

A

Diffuse catarrhal enteritis with fibrinonecrotic ileotyphlocolitis

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17
Q

Fibrinous cholecystits at necropsy is strongly suggestive for what dz? and what spp?

A

Acute enteric salmonellosis

Calves

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18
Q

What dz causes characteristic lesions observed in the pig that are termed button ulcers?

A

Chronic enteric salmonellosis

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19
Q

What is another lesion of Chronic enteric salmonellosis?

A

Rectal stricture caused by vascular thrombosis of the cranial hemorrhoidal artery and infarction of the rectum with fibrosis and stricture

20
Q

What is the only G - Clostridium?

A

Piliforme

21
Q

Is clostridium perfringes contagious?

Is it anerobic or aerobic?

A

No

its acquired from the environment or GI tract

Anaerobic

22
Q

Clostridial perfringes dz 2 categories?

A

Localized effect

Systemic effect

23
Q

What do the gross lesions for clostridium perf. look like?

A

Diffuse hemorrhagic enteritis with the entire serosal and mucosal layers becoming dark red and sometimes emphysematous

24
Q

What are the different kinds of toxins clostridium perf produces?

A

Alpha
Beta
Epsilon
Iota

25
Q

Which type of Clostridium is most common that causes a milder enterocolitis.

Numerous Dz and lots of spp?

A

perf Type A

26
Q

This type of Clost. produces alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins.

A

perf Type B

27
Q

This Clost. causes more severe often fatal dz of the very young such as?

A

perf B

lamb dysentery
Hemorrhagic enteritis of neonatal calves and foals

28
Q

This type of Clost only produces alpha and beta

A

perf A+B=C

29
Q

What type of Clost can cause dz in adults which is known as Struck?

A

perf Type C

30
Q

This type of Clost causes dz of adult sheep, goats, and feedlot cattle. Observed in the winter and early spring and is characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis with ulceration of the SI mucosa

A

perf C

31
Q

This type produces Alpha and epsilon toxins

A

perf D

32
Q

This type Clost affects fattening sheep, goats, and calves and is often diet related.

Aka overeating dz

A

perf D

33
Q

Why can overeating lead to Type D Clost infections?

A

High carb load leads to overgrowth of Clos and accumulation of toxins which are absorbed systemically.

34
Q

What happens with systemic toxicity with Clost D infections?

A

Endothelial damage leading to multisystemic hemorrhages.

35
Q

Whats the etiologic agent of Equine Acute clostridial tyhplocolitis?

A

Clost difficile

36
Q

Whats the etiologic agent behind Tyzzers dz?

A

Clost piliforme

37
Q

What animals is Tyzzers dz common in?

A

Rodents
Rabbits
Foals

38
Q

Path/ Lesion of Tyzzers dz in foals?

A

After translocation from the GI, it targets the liver with

Multifocal necrotizing hepatitis with abundant intracellular bacilli visible with SILVER stains.

39
Q

What is the cause of proliferative segmental enteropathy?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

40
Q

Whats the pathogenesis with lawsoniasis?

A

Bact invades into cryptal enterocytes leading to proliferation of the crypt epithelial cells and thickening of the mucosa

41
Q

What is a common diarrheal dz of growing-finishing and young breeding pigs characterized by hyperplasia and inflammation of the ileum and colon.

A

Porcine proliferative enteritis

42
Q

Whats a zoonotic infection from asymptomatic poultry and swine? Usually causes food poisoning?

A

Campylobacteriosis

43
Q

What bacteria gain entry into the bloodstream after invading from the intestinal lumen through the M CELLS?

A

Yersinia

44
Q

What causes widespread lymphoid necrosis in the intestine with microabscesses and granulomas in the lamina propria and crypts?

A

Yersiniosis

45
Q

What causes chronic wasting dz w/granulomatous enteritis and lymphandenitis with thickening of the intestine?

A

Mycobacterium avium sspp paratuberculosis

46
Q

What is a common neoplasm in dogs, and esp in cats

A

Alimentary lymphoma

pathology (20 decks)

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