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Pathology > Alimentary 7 > Flashcards

Alimentary 7 Flashcards

1
Q

When will transmissible gastroenteritis affect pigs, and what is the etiologic agent?

A

less than 2 wks old.

Enteric coronavirus

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2
Q

Whats the gross lesion for TGE

A

the SI are dilated and thin walled and contain yellow fluid and gas. The perineum is stained with YELLOW feces

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3
Q

Pathogenesis of TGE

A

Virus targets enterocytes causing blunting and fusion of the villi.

Villous atrophy leads to severe malabsorptive diarrhea and dehydration

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4
Q

Hemorrhagic diarrhea and fibrinonecrotic pseudomembranous tryplocolitis–pigs

etiologic agent

A

Swine Dysentery

Brachyspira hydysenteriae–produces a cytotoxic HEMOLYSIN

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5
Q

What is the pathogenesis for Porcine Proliferative Enteritis, etiologic agent

A

Lawsonian intracellularis

Invasion into cryptal enterocytes leading to proliferation of the crypt epithelial cells and thickening of the mucosa. The luminal epith of gut may become eroded and multifocally ulcerated.
tortuous hyperplastic

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6
Q

What kind of pigs does procine proliferative enteritis affect, and how can you diag?

A

Growing-finishing, greater than 4 wks old. and young breeding pigs.

Comma shaped organism in crypt epith-silver stains

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7
Q

What disease is caused by E coli in swine? What is the toxin name and what else is it called, and when does it effect pigs?

A

Edema Dz of Swine.

aka Entertoxemic colibacillosis.

Verotoxin

Post weaning pigs 6-14 wks-during dietary changes

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8
Q

How does edema dz of swine kill them?

A

The verotoxin in the SI is spread hematogenously throughout the body by neuts to cause toxemia and systemic dz.
*Verotoxin is an angiotoxin that cuases GENERALIZED ENDOTHELIAL DAMAGE within arteris and arterioles resulting in fluid loss and EDEMA.

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9
Q

Where will you find the edem in edema dz of swine

A 
Gastric submucosa
eyelids
forehead
gallbladder
mesentery of the spiral colon
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10
Q

CS dog: watery hemorrhagic diarrhea, lethargy, anorexia, pyrexia, leukopenia

A

parvovirus enteritis 2

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11
Q

Cat: early lesions include bone marrow depletion, lymphoid depletion, and thymic involution.
later lesions: segmental enteritis with flaccid, reddened intestines.

A

Feline panleukopenia

feline parvovirus

feline infectious enteritis

cerebellar hypoplasia

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12
Q

CS of dog: Soft stool, sometimes with and mucus and blood. dogs younger than 2. gross lesions: raised ulcerative nodules in the colon and rectum.

A

Histiocytic ulcerative colitis

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13
Q

What can you see histologically with histiocytic ulcerative coliits?

A

ulceration and infiltration of the lamina propria and submucosa by macrophages

they contain PAS positive material which represents digested bacteria and cellular debri.

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14
Q

What is the etiologic agent in cats that causes chronic large bowel diarrhea

A

could be Tritrichomonas foetus-colonizing the colon.

Normally in cattle. “farm cats”

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15
Q

What is a pathogen that can be fatal in puppies and immunocompromised dogs, potentially zoonotic, and cause cause hemorrhagic enteritis and bacteremia

A

Citrobacter freundii enteritis

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16
Q

Neorickettsia helminthoaeca cuases?

Gross lesion?

A

Salmon poisoning in dogs and foxes.

Splenomegaly, granulomatous mesenteric lymphadenitis, hemorrhagic enteritis

17
Q

What breeds should you look out for IBD

Diagnosis?

A

Basenji, GS

CS, response to therapy (steroids), intestinal biopsy

18
Q

what is IBD characterized by and what can severe cases lead to?

A

histologically by infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils into the lamina propria.

severe cases: villous atrophy, malabsorptive diarrhea, and PLE-weight loss

19
Q

What can prelude intestinal lymphoma

A

IBD

20
Q

Who does diffuse eosinophilic gastroenteritis occur in

A

all breeds of cats and dogs but GS are predisposed

21
Q

What is a heritable condition in irish setters

A

Wheat sensitive gsatroenteritis

22
Q

What are your DDx for hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in sm animals?

A

Parvo
Clostridium, yersinia, campy

gastric ulcers

parasites (trichuris, ancylostoma, uncinaria)

neoplasia

bleeding diathesis/coagulapathy, thrombocytopenia

23
Q

What types of malabsorptive dz are in sm animals?

A

Luminal: EPI, SIBO

Mucosal: Infiltrative, villous atrophy, BBE def

Postmucosal: Lymphangiectasia, portal hypertension, vasculopathy

24
Q

What are your portals of entry for the peritoneum, omentum and mesentery?

A

Traumatic rupture

Penetrating injury

Neoplasia

Organ rupture from trauma or neoplasia

25
Q

What organ is prone to rupture when infiltrated by fat or amyloid?

A

Liver

26
Q

What is a response to injury of the peritoneum, omentum and mesentery?

A

Ascites

27
Q

What are the 4 main categories of fat necrosis, and what are their aka’s?

A

Nutrition fat necrosis (steatitis, yellow fat dz)

Pancreatic fat necrosis. aka, enzymatic fat necrosis

Traumatic fat necrosis

idiopathic fat necrosis

28
Q

Which fat necrosis is initiated by the release of lipase during an episode of pancreatiitis? and what happens during this?

A

Pancreatic fat necrosis

Lipase converts triglycerides into FA and glycerol. the FA combine with calcium to form soaps and calky white deposits.

Painful

29
Q

Which fat necrosis occurs in all mammals. can be mild for focal. can cause entrapment and obstruction of intestines. etiology unknown

A

Idiopathic fat necrosis

30
Q

Which fat necrosis is caused by direct trauma, usually blunt, to adipose tissue of the abdomen. Where else can it occur?

A

Traumatic

subcutis/panniculus

31
Q

Fat necrosis that is caused by diets rich in fats, and low Vit E is?

A

nutritional fat necrosis

32
Q

What is caused by a mutated enteric coronavirus of high virulence that leads to a systemic infectio that can affect all organs systems including the CNS?

A

FIP

33
Q

What happens to the endothelial cells in FIP

A

they become activated with overexpression of MHC II leading to monocyte depends widespread Vasculitis

34
Q

What form of FIP is characterized by multifocal vasocentric pyogranulomas and fibrinous peritonitis with abundant high protein effusions due to vascular injury

A

Wet

35
Q

What are the histological lesions of FIP

A

multifocal vasocentric pyogranulomatous inflammation and vasculitis in multiple tissues.

36
Q

What dz in pigs is characterized by systemic bacterial infection resulting in combinations of intestinal serositis, peritonitis, pleuritis, pericarditis, arthritis and leptomeningitis with mortality being high

A

Glassers dz

haemophilus parasuis

aka porcine polyserositis

37
Q

Neoplasms of the peritoneum, omentum and mesentery are rare or common?

A

uncommon

38
Q

What are your types of neoplasias of peritoneum, omentum and mesentery?

A

Mesenteric lipomas

mesotheliomas

carcinomatosis

39
Q

Who are mesenteric lipomas common in?

A

Older Horses

can become pedunculated with entrapment of intestine leading to a strangulating lipoma

Pathology (20 decks)

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