C1.6 - R* Structure of the atom

Question 1

Nucleus (of an atom)

Answer 1

The nucleus (of an atom) is the very:
1. Small
2. Dense
central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons

Question 2

Electron

Answer 2

An electron is a tiny particle with a negative charge

Question 3

Neutron

Answer 3

A neutron is a dense particle found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 4

Proton

Answer 4

A proton is a tiny positive particle found inside the nucleus of an atom

Question 5

Why does the nucleus itself have an overall positive charge?

Answer 5

The nucleus itself has an overall positive charge, because:

1. Protons have a positive charge
2. Neutrons have no charge and are neutral

Question 6

What do a proton and a neutron each have?

Answer 6

A:
1. Proton
2. Neutron
each have the same mass

Question 7

Relative mass of a proton

Answer 7

The relative mass of a proton is 1

Question 8

Relative charge of a neutron

Answer 8

The relative charge of a neutron is 0

Question 9

Relative charge of an electron

Answer 9

The relative charge of an electron is -1

Question 10

Relative mass of an electron

Answer 10

The relative mass of an electron is 0.0005 (very small)

Question 11

Relative charge of a proton

Answer 11

The relative charge of a proton is +1

Question 12

Relative mass of a neutron

Answer 12

The relative mass of a neutron is 1

Question 13

Why is there no overall charge on an atom (it is neutral), unlike ions?

Answer 13

There is no overall charge on an atom (it is neutral), unlike ions, because:

1. They have the same number of protons as electrons
2. The charge on the electrons is the same size as the charge on the protons, but opposite, so the positive and negative charges cancel out

Question 14

What do all the atoms of a particular element have?

Answer 14

All the atoms of a particular element have the same number of protons

Question 15

Atomic number

Answer 15

Atomic number is the number of protons (which equals the number of electrons) in an atom

Question 16

How are the elements in the periodic table arranged?

Answer 16

The elements in the periodic table are arranged in order of their atomic number (number of protons)

Question 17

Mass number

Answer 17

Mass number is the number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 18

What does the atomic number tell you?

Answer 18

The atomic number tells you how many protons there are

Question 19

What does the mass number tell you?

Answer 19

The mass number tells you the total number of:
1. Protons
2. Neutrons
in the atom

Question 20

What does the nuclear symbol of an atom tell you?

Answer 20

The nuclear symbol of an atom tells you its:

1. Atomic (proton) number
2. Mass number

Question 21

How do you get the number of neutrons?

Answer 21

To get the number of neutrons, you subtract the atomic number from the mass number

Question 22

The radius of an atom

Answer 22

The radius of an atom is about 0.1 nanometres

Question 23

The radius of an atom is about 0.1 nanometres.

How many m is 0.1 nanometres?

Answer 23

0.1 nanometres = 1 x 10 to the power of -10 m

Question 24

Where is the nucleus?

Answer 24

The nucleus is in the middle of the atom

Question 25

The nucleus is in the middle of the atom.

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 25

The nucleus contains:

1. Protons
2. Neutrons

Question 26

The radius of a nucleus

Answer 26

The radius of a nucleus is:

1 x 10 to the power of -14 m

Question 27

The radius of a nucleus is 1 x 10 to the power of -14 m.

What is the radius of a nucleus (1 x 10 to the power of -14 m) in relation to the radius of an atom?

Answer 27

The radius of a nucleus (1 x 10 to the power of -14 m) is around 1/10,000 of the radius of an atom

Question 28

Where is almost the whole mass of the atom concentrated?

Answer 28

Almost the whole mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus

Question 29

Electrons move around the nucleus in what?

Answer 29

Electrons move around the nucleus in electron shells

Question 30

Electrons are negatively charged and tiny, but what do they do?

Answer 30

Electrons are:
1. Negatively charged
2. Tiny
,but they cover a lot of space

Question 31

What determines the size of the atom?

Answer 31

The volume of the electron’s orbits determines the size of the atom

Question 32

What do electrons virtually have none of?

Answer 32

Electrons virtually have no mass

Question 33

An electron is a tiny particle with a negative charge.

Electrons do what in shells?

Answer 33

Electrons orbit the nucleus of:
1. Atoms
Or,
2 Ions
in shells

Question 34

A neutron is a dense particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
It is what?

Answer 34

A neutron is electrically neutral, carrying no charge

Question 35

A proton and a neutron each have the same mass, but electrons are so light that what?

Answer 35

A:
1. Proton
2. Neutron
each have the same mass, but electrons are so light that their mass can be ignored when working out the relative mass of atoms

Question 36

Atomic number is also known as what?

Answer 36

Atomic number is also known as the proton number