C9.1 - Hydrocarbons

Question 1

So far, where do some of the 21st century’s most important chemicals come from?

Answer 1

So far, some of the 21st century’s most important chemicals come from the organic carbon compounds found in crude oil

Question 2

So far, some of the 21st century’s most important chemicals come from the organic carbon compounds found in crude oil.
These chemicals play a major part in what?

Answer 2

These chemicals play a major part in our lives

Question 3

What is there massive variety of?

Answer 3

There is massive variety of:
1. Natural
2. Synthetic
carbon compounds

Question 4

What does the massive variety of natural and synthetic carbon compounds occur due to?

Answer 4

The massive variety of:
1. Natural
2. Synthetic
carbon compounds occur due to the ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar compounds

Question 5

The massive variety of natural and synthetic carbon compounds occur due to the ability of carbon atoms to form families of similar compounds.
What can the carbon atoms do?

Answer 5

The carbon atoms can bond to each other to form:
1. Chains
2. Rings
that form the ‘skeletons’ of organic molecules

Question 6

What are organic compounds used as?

Answer 6

Organic compounds are used as fuels to:

1. Run cars
2. Warm homes
3. Generate electricity

Question 7

Why are fuels important?

Answer 7

Fuels are important, because they keep you:

1. Warm
2. On the move

Question 8

Fuels are important, because they keep you warm and on the move.
So, what happens when oil prices rise?

Answer 8

So, when oil prices, it affects everyone

Question 9

Fuels are important, because they keep you warm and on the move.
So, when oil prices, it affects everyone.
What can countries that produce crude oil do?

Answer 9

Countries that produce crude oil can affect the whole world economy by the price they charge for their oil

Question 10

What is affected by oil prices?

Answer 10

The price of nearly everything you buy is affected by oil prices

Question 11

The price of nearly everything you buy is affected by oil prices.
What affects how much you have to pay for them?

Answer 11

The cost of the fuels used to move goods to the shops affects how much you have to pay for them

Question 12

Crude oil

Answer 12

Crude oil is a finite resource found in rocks

Question 13

Crude oil was formed over millions of years from what?

Answer 13

Crude oil was formed over millions of years from the remains of tiny, ancient sea:
1. Animals
2. Plants
,mainly plankton, that were buried in mud

Question 14

Crude oil was formed over millions of years from the remains of tiny, ancient sea animals and plants, mainly plankton, that were buried in mud.
How was crude oil formed?

Answer 14

Over time, layer upon layer of rock was laid down on top

Question 15

Crude oil was formed over millions of years from the remains of tiny, ancient sea animals and plants, mainly plankton, that were buried in mud.
Over time, layer upon layer of rock was laid down on top, creating the conditions (high pressure and temperature, in the absence of oxygen) to make crude oil.
What is the crude oil formed?

Answer 15

The crude oil formed is a:

1. Dark, smelly liquid
2. Mixture of many different carbon compounds

Question 16

The conditions to make crude oil

Answer 16

The conditions to make crude oil are high pressure and temperature, in the absence of oxygen

Question 17

Mixture

Answer 17

A mixture is when some:
1. Elements
Or,
2. Compounds
are mixed together and intermingle, but do not react together

Question 18

What does a mixture contain?

Answer 18

A mixture contains:
1. 2
Or,
2. More
elements or compounds that are not chemically combined together

Question 19

What are nearly all of the compounds in crude oil?

Answer 19

Nearly all of the compounds in crude oil are compounds containing only:
1. Hydrogen
2. Carbon
atoms

Question 20

Nearly all of the compounds in crude oil are compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
What are these compounds called?

Answer 20

These compounds are called hydrocarbons

Question 21

Hydrocarbons

Answer 21

Hydrocarbons are compounds containing only:

1. Hydrogen
2. Carbon

Question 22

What is crude oil straight from the ground?

Answer 22

Crude oil straight from the ground is not much use

Question 23

Why is crude oil straight from the ground not much use?

Answer 23

Crude oil straight from the ground is not much use, because there are too many substances in it, all with different boiling points

Question 24

Crude oil straight from the ground is not much use, because there are too many substances in it, all with different boiling points.
What must happen before crude oil can be used?

Answer 24

Before crude oil can be used, it must be separated into different substances with similar boiling points

Question 25

Before crude oil can be used, it must be separated into different substances with similar boiling points.
What are these known as?

Answer 25

These are known as fractions

Question 26

Fractions

Answer 26

Fractions are hydrocarbons with similar boiling points separated from crude oil

Question 27

Why can the mixtures of substances in crude oil be separated in the lab by distillation?

Answer 27

The mixtures of substances in crude oil can be separated in the lab by distillation, because the properties of substances do not change when they are mixed, as opposed to reacted

Question 28

Distillation

Answer 28

Distillation is separation of a liquid from a mixture by evaporation followed by condensation

Question 29

What does distillation do?

Answer 29

Distillation separates liquids with different boiling points

Question 30

What are most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil?

Answer 30

Most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil are alkanes

Question 31

Alkanes

Answer 31

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2

Question 32

What does the first part of the name of each alkane tell you?

Answer 32

The first part of the name of each alkane tells you how many carbon atoms are in its molecules

Question 33

The prefixes

Answer 33

The prefixes are:

1. Meth
2. Eth
3. Prop
4. But
5. Pent
6. Hex
7. Hept
8. Oct
9. Non
10. Dec

Question 34

How do you describe alkanes?

Answer 34

You describe alkanes as saturated hydrocarbons

Question 35

Saturated hydrocarbons describe hydrocarbons with what?

Answer 35

Saturated hydrocarbons describe hydrocarbons with only single bonds between its carbon atoms

Question 36

You describe alkanes as saturated hydrocarbons.

What are all the carbon-carbon bonds?

Answer 36

All the carbon-carbon bonds are single covalent bonds

Question 37

You describe alkanes as saturated hydrocarbons.
All the carbon-carbon bonds are single covalent bonds.
What does this mean?

Answer 37

This means that:

1. Alkanes contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible in each molecule
2. No more hydrogen atoms can be added

Question 38

General formula for alkanes

Answer 38

The general formula for alkanes is CnH2n+2

Question 39

Crude oil was formed over millions of years from the remains of tiny, ancient sea animals and plants, mainly plankton, that were buried in mud.
Over time, layer upon layer of rock was laid down on top, creating what?

Answer 39

Over time, layer upon layer of rock was laid down on top, creating the conditions to make crude oil

Question 40

A mixture is when some elements, or compounds are mixed together and intermingle, but do not react together, so what?

Answer 40

A mixture is when some:
1. Elements
Or,
2. Compounds
are mixed together and intermingle, but do not react together, so no new substance is made

Question 41

A mixture is not a what substance?

Answer 41

A mixture is not a pure substance