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GCSE Chemistry COPY > C6.3 - The extraction of aluminium > Flashcards

C6.3 - The extraction of aluminium Flashcards

1
Q

Aluminium is a very what metal?

A

Aluminium is a very important metal

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2
Q

Examples of the uses of aluminium, or its alloys

A

Examples of the uses of aluminium, or its alloys are:

  1. Pans
  2. Overhead power cables
  3. Aeroplanes
  4. Cooking foil
  5. Drink cans
  6. Window and patio door frames
  7. Bicycle frames and car bodies
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3
Q

Why must you use electrolysis to extract aluminium?

A

You must use electrolysis to extract aluminium, because carbon is not reactive enough to use

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4
Q

When aluminium is electrolysed, what is the compound?

A

When aluminium is electrolysed, the compound is aluminium oxide, Al2O3

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5
Q

What ore do you get aluminium oxide from?

A

You get aluminium oxide from the bauxite ore

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6
Q

How is bauxite mined?

A

Bauxite is mined by open cast mining, digging it directly from the surface

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7
Q

You get aluminium oxide from the bauxite ore.

What does bauxite contain?

A

Bauxite contains mainly aluminium oxide

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8
Q

Bauxite contains mainly aluminium oxide, but it is mixed with other rocky impurities, so the 1st step is to separate aluminium oxide from the ore.
What do the other rocky impurities in the bauxite ore contain?

A

The other rocky impurities in the bauxite ore contain a lot of iron(III) oxide

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9
Q

The other rocky impurities in the bauxite ore containing a lot of iron(III) oxide makes the colour of the waste solution from the separation process a what colour?

A

The other rocky impurities in the bauxite ore containing a lot of iron(III) oxide makes the colour of the waste solution from the separation process a rusty brown colour

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10
Q

The rusty brown wastewater from the separation process of aluminium oxide from the bauxite ore have to be stored in what?

A

The rusty brown wastewater from the separation process of aluminium oxide from the bauxite ore have to be stored in large lagoons

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11
Q

What does the electrolysis of aluminium oxide require?

A

The electrolysis of aluminium oxide requires a lot of energy

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12
Q

Once purified, why must happen to the aluminium oxide?

A

Once purified, the aluminium oxide must be melted

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13
Q

Once purified, why must the aluminium oxide be melted?

A

Once purified, the aluminium oxide must be melted, to enable the ions to move to the electrodes

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14
Q

What is the melting point of aluminium oxide?

A

The melting point of aluminium oxide is very high at 2050 degrees Celsius

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15
Q

Chemists save at least some energy when melting aluminium oxide by doing what?

A

Chemists save at least some energy when melting aluminium oxide by mixing the aluminium oxide with molten cryolite

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16
Q

Cryolite

A

Cryolite is an ionic compound

17
Q

The melting point of aluminium oxide is very high at 2050 degrees Celsius.
However, chemists save at least some energy when melting aluminium oxide by mixing the aluminium oxide with molten cryolite.
The molten mixture of aluminium oxide and cryolite be electrolysed at the temperature of what?

A

The molten mixture of:
1. Aluminium oxide
2. Cryolite
be electrolysed at the temperature of about 850 degrees Celsius

18
Q

What keeps the mixture of aluminium oxide and cryolite molten?

A

The large amount of electrical energy that is transferred to the electrolysis cells keeps the mixture of:
1. Aluminium oxide
2. Cryolite
molten

19
Q

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, the aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite, so the ions are what?

A

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, the aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite, so the ions are free to move (conduct electricity)

20
Q

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, the aluminium metal that is formed at the cathode is what?

A

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, the aluminium metal that is formed at the cathode is:

  1. Molten at the temperature of the cell
  2. Collects at the bottom
21
Q

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, after the oxygen atoms covalently bond in pairs to form molecules of oxygen gas (O2), what does the oxygen do?

A

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, after the oxygen atoms covalently bond in pairs to form molecules of oxygen gas (O2), the oxygen reacts with the hot carbon anodes

22
Q

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, after the oxygen atoms covalently bond in pairs to form molecules of oxygen gas (O2), the oxygen reacts with the hot carbon anodes, making carbon dioxide gas which goes into our atmosphere.
What happens as a result?

A

As a result, the carbon anodes:

  1. Gradually burn away
  2. Need to be replaced regularly
23
Q

What do the electrodes having to be replaced regularly add to?

A

The electrodes having to be replaced regularly adds the cost process of the electrolysis of aluminium oxide

24
Q

What do aluminium alloys have?

A

Aluminium alloys have a low density

25
Q

What does the process of extracting aluminium require?

A

The process of extracting aluminium requires a lot of energy

26
Q

The process of extracting aluminium requires a lot of energy.
What does the purification of aluminium oxide from the ore make?

A

The purification of aluminium oxide from the ore makes aluminium oxide

27
Q

The process of extracting aluminium requires a lot of energy.
The purification of aluminium oxide from the ore makes aluminium hydroxide.
What happens to this?

A

This is separated from the impurities

28
Q

The process of extracting aluminium requires a lot of energy.
The purification of aluminium oxide from the ore makes aluminium hydroxide.
This is separated from the impurities, but then must be heated to turn it back to pure aluminium oxide.
Then, what happens?

A

Then, even more energy is needed to:
1. Melt
2. Electrolyse
the oxide

29
Q

What does an aluminium plant use?

A

An aluminium plant uses the same amount of electricity as a small town

30
Q

You must use electrolysis to extract aluminium, because carbon is not reactive enough to use, because it cannot do what?

A

You must use electrolysis to extract aluminium, because carbon is not reactive enough to use, because it cannot displace aluminium from its compounds

31
Q

You get aluminium oxide from the bauxite ore.
Bauxite contains mainly aluminium oxide.
Bauxite contains mainly aluminium oxide, but it is mixed with what?

A

Bauxite contains mainly aluminium oxide, but it is mixed with other rocky impurities

32
Q

You get aluminium oxide from the bauxite ore.
Bauxite contains mainly aluminium oxide.
Bauxite contains mainly aluminium oxide, but it is mixed with other rocky impurities, so the 1st step is to do what?

A

Bauxite contains mainly aluminium oxide, but it is mixed with other rocky impurities, so the 1st step is to separate aluminium oxide from the ore

33
Q

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, the aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite, so the ions are free to move (conduct electricity).
Energy is saved by doing this, because it does what?

A

Energy is saved by doing this, because it lowers its melting point

34
Q

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, the aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite, so the ions are free to move (conduct electricity).
Energy is saved by doing this, because it lowers its melting point, so what?

A

Energy is saved by doing this, because it lowers its melting point, so that the temperature needed to melt so much is less

35
Q

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, the aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite, so the ions are free to move (conduct electricity).
Energy is saved by doing this, because it lowers its melting point, so that the temperature needed to melt so much is less.
This is cheaper for what?

A

This is cheaper for the organisations involved

36
Q

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, the aluminium metal that is formed at the cathode is molten at the temperature of the cell and collects at the bottom.
It is what?

A

It is:
1. Siphoned
Or,
2. Tapped off

37
Q

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, after the oxygen atoms covalently bond in pairs to form molecules of oxygen gas (O2), the oxygen reacts with the hot carbon anodes, making what which goes into our atmosphere?

A

In the electrolysis of aluminium oxide, after the oxygen atoms covalently bond in pairs to form molecules of oxygen gas (O2), the oxygen reacts with the hot carbon anodes, making carbon dioxide gas which goes into our atmosphere

38
Q

Aluminium alloys have a low density, but are what?

A

Aluminium alloys have a low density, but are very strong

39
Q

The process of extracting aluminium requires a lot of energy.
The purification of aluminium oxide from the ore makes aluminium hydroxide.
This is separated from the impurities, but then must be what?

A

This is separated from the impurities, but then must be heated to turn it back to pure aluminium oxide

GCSE Chemistry COPY (70 decks)

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