Chapter 20

Question 1

A powerful telescope put into orbit around the earth by NASA and the European Space Agency in 1990.

Answer 1

Hubble Space Telescope

Question 2

A linkage of computer networks that allows people around the world to exchange information and communicate with one another.

Answer 2

Internet

Question 3

The transferring of genes from one living thing to another in order to produce an organism with new traits.

Answer 3

Genetic engineering

Question 4

The creation of plants or animals that are genetically identical to an existing plant or animal.

Answer 4

Cloning

Question 5

A 20th-century attempt to increase food resources worldwide, involving the use of fertilizers and pesticides and the development of disease resistant crops.

Answer 5

Green revolution

Question 6

A nation with all the facilities needed for the advanced production of manufactured goods.

Answer 6

Developed nation

Question 7

A nation in which the process of industrialization is not yet complete.

Answer 7

Developing nation

Question 8

All the financial interactions— involving people, businesses, and governments— that cross international boundaries.

Answer 8

Global economy

Question 9

A company that operates in a number of different countries.

Answer 9

Multinational corporation

Question 10

Commerce between nations without economic restrictions or barriers (such as tariffs).

Answer 10

Free trade

Question 11

A 1991 conflict in which UN forces defeated Iraqi forces that had invaded Kuwait and threatened to invade Saudi Arabia.

Answer 11

Gulf War

Question 12

A layer of the earths upper atmosphere, which protects living things from the suns damaging ultraviolet rays.

Answer 12

Ozone layer

Question 13

Economic development that meets people’s needs but preserves the environment and conserves resources for future generations.

Answer 13

Sustainable development

Question 14

A 1968 agreement intended to reduce the spread of neckwear weapons.

Answer 14

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty

Question 15

A growth or spread— especially the spread of nuclear weapons to nations that do not currently have them.

Answer 15

Proliferation

Question 16

The use of force or threats to frighten people or governments to change their policies.

Answer 16

Terrorism

Question 17

A strict belief in the basic truths and practices of a particular religion.

Answer 17

Fundamentalism

Question 18

A 1948 statement in which the United Nations declared that all human beings have rights to life, liberty, and security.

Answer 18

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Question 19

A grassroots effort to fight discrimination in the United States and to make sure that all U.S. citizens receive the rights guaranteed by the constitution.

Answer 19

Civil rights movement

Question 20

The cultural elements—sports, music, movies, clothing, and so forth— that reflect a groups common background and changing interests.

Answer 20

Popular culture

Question 21

A placing of high value on acquiring material possessions.

Answer 21

Materialism

Question 22

An acceptance of the ideas and customs of other cultures.

Answer 22

Accommodation

Question 23

In what ways have science and technology changed the lives of people today?

Answer 23

Science has developed safer medical procedures that allow surgeons to operate on sensitive areas, and create advances in medical imaging. The computer and the internet were invented, and allowed people to expand knowledge and communication.

Question 24

What was the goal of the green revolution?

Answer 24

The goal of the green revolution was to attempt to increase available food sources worldwide with the promotion of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield, disease-resistant strains of a variety of crops.

Question 25

Explain the difference between a developed nation and a developing nation.

Answer 25

A developed nation is a nation with all the facilities needed for advanced production of manufactured goods, and a developing nation is a nation where the process of industrialization is not complete.

Question 26

Who are the “Four Tigers,” and what is significant about their development as major trading nations?

Answer 26

The Four Tigers are South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Their development in trading led to the area with Japan, china, Malaysia, and the Pacific Rim becoming a key area of world trade.

Question 27

Why was the World Trade Organization founded?

Answer 27

The World Trade Organization was established to supervise free trade.

Question 28

What methods has the world community used to resolve conflicts since World War II?

Answer 28

They formed the UN, which has more than 180 nations, which helps resolve conflict with skilled mediators. Also, the UN sends soldiers in to prevent new fighting and encourage a cease-fire. Nations signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Question 29

How have religious and ethnic conflicts threatened global security?

Answer 29

Fundamentalism has contributed to conflict. These groups wish to impose their ideas, and use torture or murder to do this. Some ethnic groups have conflicts with other groups that are centuries old, and they are still fighting. Both conflicts are typically characterized by terrible violence against seemingly innocent people.

Question 30

Describe worldwide efforts to guarantee basic human rights.

Answer 30

The UN created as ratified the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In America, the Civil Rights Movement was created to fight discrimination of the African Americans. Women fought for more rights and equal treatment, and attempted to change laws and policies.

Question 31

Which technologies have had the most powerful impact on cultural sharing?

Answer 31

Television and mass media share culture in a powerfully way. Many people have a TV and are able to view the content put out about the many cultures. Newscasts and documentaries speed up the amount of time info spreads. Mass media is popular, which means that it spreads the information to a large amount of people.

Question 32

What explains why Western influences have had a major impact all over the world?

Answer 32

Western ideas largely dominate mass media. Things like music, TV, and sports broadcast spread ideas that lead to mixing of cultures. Things spread include clothes, food, entertainment, and the idea of materialism.