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Anatomy > male reproductive system > Flashcards

male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Scrotum:
divided by…
seam…

A

Pouch containing testes
L lower than R
Divided by internal median septum
Externally marked by seam (perineal raphe)

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2
Q

3 mechanisms regulate temperature for sperm production (<37degrees)

A

Cremaster muscle
Dartos muscle
Pampiniform complex

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3
Q

Cremaster muscle

A

Strips of internal abdominal oblique muscle

Contracts when cold to draw testes nearer body

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4
Q

Dartos muscle

A

Subcutaneous layer of smooth muscle

Contracts when cold so taught + wrinkled

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5
Q

Pampiniform complex

A

Extensive vein network

Cools blood + testes by acting as a countercurrent heat exchanger

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6
Q 
Testes
Exocrine...
Endocrine...
Outer cover...
Capsule...
A 
Pair
Exocrine glands = sperm cells
Endocrine glands = testosterone
Outer cover = tunica vaginalis 
White capsule = tunica albuginea
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7
Q

Testes lobules
Divided by..
Contains…
Between tubules = ….

A

Divided by connective tissue septa
Each contains 1-3 seminiferous tubules
Between tubules = interstitial cells/cells of Leydig

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8
Q

Site of sperm production

Lined with germ cells

A

Seminiferous tubules

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9
Q

Site of testosterone production

A

Cells of leydig / interstitial cells

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10
Q

Germ cells

A

Process of becoming sperm

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11
Q

Sustentacular/sertoli cells
Provide…
Secrete…

A

Provide nutrients, waste removal
growth factors
secrete inhibin

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12
Q

Inhibin

A

Regulates rate of sperm production

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13
Q

Blood-testis barrier (BTB)
Location…
Prevent…

A

Tight junctions between adjacent sertoli cells

Prevent proteins + other large molecules getting to germ cells, i.e. prevent attack from immune system

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14
Q

Sterility BTB

A

BTB fails to form adequately in adolescence

Immune system produces antibodies against germ cells

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15
Q

Rete testis
What is it??
Sperm moved by…

A

Network where sperm partially mature

Sperm moved by fluid secreted by sustenacular cells + cilia (dont swim)

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16
Q

Decent of testis
Begins…
Foetus…
As decend…

A

Begin development near kidney

Foetus: testis -> inguinal canal

As decend: every-elongating testicular arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels, nerves, sperm ducts + extensions of internal abdominal oblique muscle

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17
Q

Undecended testes

Correct with…

A

Infertility
Too warm for spermatogenesis
Correct with hormone injections or surgery

18
Q

Spermatic ducts (4)

A

Efferent ductules
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct

19
Q

Efferent ductules

A

With clusters of ciliated cells

20
Q

Epididymis

Ducts reabsorb…

A

Head, body, tail
6m coiled duct where sperm matures over 20 days
Fertile sperm stored 50 days
Ducts reabsorb 90% fluid secreted by testis

21
Q

Vas deferens
Unites with…
SMC wall…

A

Up through inguinal canal, down behind bladder, widens into ampulla, unites with duct of seminal vesicle

SMC wall, during orgasm, peristaltic contractions drive sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

22
Q

Ejaculatory duct

A

Where vas deferens + duct of seminal vesicle meet

23
Q

Accessory glands (3)

A

Seminal vesicles

Prostate gland

Bulbourethral gland (cowper)

24
Q

Seminal vesicles

A 
Pair
Posterior to urinary bladder
1 associated with each vas deferens
Secretion = 60% of semen
Thin, milky secretion = 30% of semen
25
Q

Bulbourethral/cowper gland

A

Inner end of penis
Ducts lead to penile urethra
During arousal produce clear fluid; lubricates + neutralises acidity of residual volume

26
Q

Urethra - regions

A

Prostatic: near bladder

Membraneous: passes through muscular floor of pelvic cavity

Penile

27
Q

Penis

A

3 columns of erectile tissue

  • 2 corpus cavernosa
  • 1 corpus spongiosum

Foreskin covers glans

Root = blub + crus

28
Q

Secretions

A

Semen/seminal fluid
2-5ml per ejaculation

60% seminal vesicle fluid
30% prostatic fluid
10% sperm

29
Q

Composition of semen (7)

A 
Spermatozoa 
Fructose
Fibrinogen
Clotting enzymes
Fibrinolysin
Prostaglandins
Spermine
30
Q

Spermatozoa

A

Digest path through cervical mucus, fertilise egg

31
Q

Fructose

A

Energy for sperm motility

32
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Causes semen to clot

33
Q

Clotting enzymes

A

Convert fibrinogen to fibrin after ejaculation

So semen clot + adhere to vagina

34
Q

Fibrinolysin

A

Liquefies semen 15mins after ejaculation to liberate sperm

35
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Reduce viscosity of cervical mucus

36
Q

Spermine

A

Neutralise vaginal acidity

37
Q

Semen analysis (5)

A 
Sperm count
Motility
Volume
Shape
Liquefaction
38
Q

Vasectomy

A

Segment of ductus deferens removed
Spermatozoa cannot pass
Scar tissue forms permanent seal

39
Q

Control by Inhibin

A

Reduce FSH secretion and sperm production without reducing LH and testosterone secretion

Sertoli cells

Selectively suppresses FSH

When sperm count <20mil, inhibin low and FSH high

40
Q

Puberty

A

Hypothalamus less sensitive to inhibitory effect of androgens

GnRH secretion rate increased

Increased FSH (sperm cells formed) and LH (leydig cells secrete testosterone)

41
Q

Viagra

A

Treatment for erectile dysfunction

Inhibits enzyme in order to maintain blood flow and erection

Anatomy (12 decks)

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