sensory - touch

Question 1

Aware of

Answer 1

Sight
Smell
Sound
Touch
Taste

Question 2

Unaware of

Answer 2

Body temp
Blood pressure
Muscle tension

Question 3

Classification

Answer 3

General and special

Question 4

General

Answer 4

Somatic (body + environment)

Visceral (internal organs)

Question 5

Special

Answer 5

Highly localised receptors

Question 6

Receptors transmit 4 types of info

Answer 6

Modalities/Form of sensation
Location
Intensity
Duration

Question 7

Receptors: Modalities/form

Answer 7

Somatic - touch, pressure, pain, temp
Visceral - pain, pressure
Special - smell, taste, sight, balance, sound

Question 8

Receptors: Intensity
Encoded by (3)

Answer 8

Altering firing frequency
Recruit greater no of nerves
Nerve fibres of different thresholds

Question 9

Receptors: duration

2

Answer 9

Phasic - stop even if stimulus continues

Tonic - adapt slowly

Question 10

Receptor

Answer 10

Structure specialised to detect a stimulus

Specific and sensitive to 1 type stimulus

Question 11

5 types of receptors

Answer 11

Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Photoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Nociceptors

Question 12

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 12

Respond to mechanical stimuli

Compression, bending, stretching cells

Question 13

Chemoreceptors

Answer 13

Chemicals become attached to membrane receptors

Question 14

Photoreceptors

Answer 14

Respond to light striking receptor cells

Chemical change

Question 15

Thermoreceptors

Answer 15

Respond to changes in temperature at site of receptor

Question 16

Nociceptors

Answer 16

Respond to painful mechanical, chemical or thermal stimuli

Everywhere except brain

Question 17

Unencapsulated nerve endings

Answer 17

free nerve endings
merkel’s discs
hair follicle endings

Question 18

Pain

Answer 18

Conscious of tissue

Question 19

Leprosy

Answer 19

Bacterium infects nerves
Local loss of pain + other sensation
Leads to: minor injury -> serious infection -> lose finger/toes

Question 20

Types of nociceptors

Answer 20

Fast (1st) pain

Slow (2nd) pain

Question 21

Nociceptors: Fast pain

Answer 21

From myelinated pain fibres
12-30msec
Short, localised, stabbing

Question 22

Nociceptors: slow pain

Answer 22

From unmyelinated pain fibres
0.5-2msec
Longer lasting, dull, diffuse

Question 23

Pain: point of origin

Answer 23

Somatic - skin, muscles joints
Superficial - sharp stabbing, deep, less localised, aching
Visceral - from internal organs as an effect of stretch, chemical irritations. Intense

Question 24

Injured tissue: chemicals that stimulate nociceptors

Answer 24

Bradykinin (from blood protein)
Serotonin
Prostaglandins
Histamine 
K+

Question 25

Referred pain

Answer 25

Pain from internal organs misinterpreted as coming from skin or other superficial structures E.g. heart attack => left arm pain

Question 26

CNS modulation of pain

Answer 26

By neuromodulators To block transmission E.g. endorphins, dynorphins

Question 27

Encapsulated nerve endings

Answer 27

``` meissner corpuscle Krause end blub Pacinian corpuscle Ruffini endings muscle spindle golgi tendon organ ```