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Blood Bank > 7,8,9 > Flashcards

7,8,9 Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Is performed to determine whether the antibody identified is an alloantibody, autoantibody or both.

A

Autocontrol

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2
Q

Used to strengthen and destroy antibodies in order to differentiate between multiple potential antibodies.

A

Proteolytic enzymes

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3
Q

A series of reagent red cells from different donors that have been antigen typed for common red cell antigens.

A

Antibody identification panel

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4
Q

Used to prove the presence or absence of the corresponding antigen on the red cells of the patient. Can be complicated when the patient has been transfused or has a positive DAT.

A

Phenotyping

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5
Q

The first step of an antibody identification, in which, reactions of a test panel are compared to a chart(antigram)that lists the antigenic composition of each panel cell

A

Elimination method

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6
Q

Panels used when additional cells are needed to rule out antibodies after performing an antibody identification panel

A

Select cells

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7
Q

Any antibody that shortens the survival of transfused red cells or that has been associated with hemolytic disease of the newborn

A

Clinically Significant antibody

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8
Q

When using the elimination method which antibodies can be eliminated?

A

Non reactive cells and cells heterozygous for Ag showing dosage

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9
Q

When using the elimination method why is it important to take special precautions when eliminating the following Antibodies: Rh, Duffy, Kidd, MNSs?

A

They may result in false negative reactions

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10
Q

What may different reaction strengths or reactions in different phases of testing indicate?

A

Multiple antibodies or may represent antibody showing dosage

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11
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Select cells CANNOT be used past their expiration date

A

False ; should not but not always possible

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12
Q

What is the rule of three in regards to antibody ID?

A

Proper ID of antibody requires sufficient positive and negative cells to ensure a pattern is not due to chance. A minimum of three cells with the antigen and three cells without the antigen are required. Ensures that the reaction pattern is not the result of the presence of a low incidence or high incidence Antigen.

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13
Q

What is the likely antibody class if the antibody reacts in the : Albumin/AHG phase? Saline phase?

A

Albumin/AHG: most likely IgG

Saline: most likely IgM

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14
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
An antibody identification panel is a series of reagent red cells from different donors that have been antigen typed for low-incidence red cell antigens

A

False ; high incidence red cell antigens

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15
Q

What is an antibody identification auto control used to determine?

A

If there are patient alloantibodies or autoantibodies

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16
Q

If an antibody identification auto control is positive; what is the next step the blood bank technician should take?

A

Verify the patient history and perform a DAT

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17
Q 
Utilizing the elimination method for an antibody identification, a technician will eliminate antibodies when the patient results (on any phase of testing) is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and the antibody is \_\_\_\_\_\_ on reagent cells.
A) positive; present
B) positive; absent
C) negative; present
D) negative; absent
A

C) negative; present

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18
Q

Antibody identification antigens showing dosage that are ____________ may result in false ___________ reactions and should be eliminated with caution.

A

A) Heterozygous; negative
B) Heterozygous; positive
C) Homozygous; negative
D) Homozygous; positive

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19
Q

When performing an antibody identification a blood bank technician is able to rule out all but three antibodies; what is the technicians next step?

A

Perform a selected cell panel from other cell panel lots, even if the lots are expired

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20
Q

When performing an antibody identification a blood bank technician is able to rule out all but two antibodies. The remaining antibodies are anti-C and anti-N; what is the technicians next step?

A

Repeat test using papain(proteolytic enzyme)

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21
Q

When performing an antibody identification a blood bank technician is able to rule out all but one antibody. The remaining antibody was present on nine panels and absent on two panels, with the corresponding patient results. Can the technician accept these results for antibody identification?

A

No, a minimum of 3 absent panels are needed

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22
Q

A ________ is a procedure that frees antibodies that are coating RBCs.

23
Q

A__________ is a procedure that removes antibodies from serum.

24
Q

An elution can be used to:
A) investigate a positive DAT

B) Concentrate and purify
antibodies

C)Remove cold/warm reacting antibodies from RBCs

D) all of the above

25
TRUE OR FALSE: An acid illusion is preferred over a Heat/Lui Freeze Thaw elution due to its ability to be utilized and identification of all possible antibodies.
False
26
If the Saline from the final wash of the cell wash for an elution tested positive for antibodies; what does it tell the blood bank technician about the eluate?
The elution is invalid because it may contain Antibodies other than what was bound to the patient RBCs
27
Adsorption procedures are used to: A) Confirm the presence of antigens on RBCs through their ability to remove a specific serum antibody B) Confirm specificity of an antibody by showing that it can be absorbed only by RBCs of a particular group phenotype C) Separate multiple antibodies present in a single serum sample D) All of the above
D)
28
``` Pre-Transfusion testing is used to: A) detect most clerical errors B) detect all ABO grouping errors C) detect Rh typing errors D) Guarantee normal survival of the transfused cells ```
A)
29
TRUE OR FALSE: | Pre transfusion testing includes weak D testing of the recipients blood.
False
30
What is the minimum patient identifiers required when collecting samples for pre-transfusion testing?
Two patient identifiers
31
How many days prior to transfusion may samples for pre-transfusion testing be collected?(history of pregnancy and/or previous transfusion is unknown)
Three days
32
# Choose the possible compatible units for transfusion; Patient blood type is B negative: ``` A) O positive (pRBCs) B) O negative (pRBCs) C) B positive (pRBCs) D) B Negative (pRBCs) E) Only A & C F) Only B & D G) All of the above ```
F) Only B & D
33
# Choose the possible compatible units for transfusion; Patient blood type is B negative: ``` A) O positive (FFP) B) O negative (FFP) C) B positive (FFP) D) B Negative (FFP) E) Only A & C F) Only B & D G) All of the above ```
F) Only B & D
34
# Choose the possible compatible units for transfusion; Patient blood type is B negative: ``` A) A positive (platelets) B) A negative (platelets) C) B positive (platelets) D) B Negative (platelets) E) Only A & B F) Only C & D G) All of the above ```
G) All of the above
35
# Choose the possible compatible units for transfusion; Patient blood type is B negative: ``` A) A positive (cryo) B) A negative (cryo) C) B positive (cryo) D) B Negative (cryo) E) Only A & B F) Only C & D G) All of the above ```
G) All of the above
36
What is the maximum acceptable age of blood for transfusion to a pediatric recipient?
14 days
37
What are acceptable anticoagulants for transfusion to infants less that 4 months of age?
CPDA-1 and CPD
38
What blood product should be used if a patient is at risk of contracting CMV(seronegative) but CMV seronegative units are not available?
Leukoreduced products
39
What blood product should be used if a patient is severely immunosuppressive down and at risk for transfusion related graft vs host disease?
A) Irradiated products
40
TRUE OR FALSE: Immediate spin cross matches are permitted when the recipient has a negative antibody screen and negative antibody history
True
41
What is another name for antibody ID?
IAT ; Antibody panel
42
How long is a type and screen considered valid?
72 hours
43
What are the 3 phases in an antibody screen?
Immediate Spin ; 37 degrees ; AHG
44
What ABO group are reagent cells?
Group O
45
What is an antigram?
Chart that lists the antigenic composition of each panel cell
46
What is a homogeneous and heterozygous cell?
Homo- 2 alike alleles | Herero- 2 different alleles
47
Under what circumstance will a homozygous cell be preferred over heterozygous?
To rule out antibodies
48
Name and describe the types of AHG
Poly specific/ clonal (contains anti-complement & anti-IgG components) Anti IgG(anti- IgG w/ no anti complement) Anti-complement(contains only antibodies active against designated complement components w/o any anti-IgG activity)
49
TRUE OR FALSE: | Agglutination at ANY stage of testing is considered a positive reaction.
True
50
Once an antibody is detected, what information should be considered when identifying the antibody?
The phase it was identified in
51
How do we ID antibodies?
Antibody ID Panel; rule in rule out
52
If a patient has an antibody should they have the corresponding antigen present in their red cells? Why or why not ?
No because if they do, it would be an autoantibody
53
Will all antibodies be detected during a routine antibody screen? Explain.
No, only “Clinically Significant Antibodies “ are of concern.
54
Name two ways to remove cold antibodies
Elution and Adsorption

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