10

Question 1

A semi-quantitative method used to determine the concentration of Ab in a serum sample

Answer 1

Ab Titer

Question 2

Ab titers use a 
A) twofold dilution
B) fourfold dilution
C) sixfold dilution 
D) eightfold dilution

Answer 2

A) twofold dilution

Question 3

Results from titers are expressed as __________ from the tube with the _________ dilution showing agglutination.

Answer 3

Reciprocal; greatest

Question 4

What are some reasons to perform antibody titers?

Answer 4

• Prenatal studies
• Ab identification
• Separating multiple Ab that contain more than one specificity

Question 5

What is the most common reason for an Ab Titer ?

Answer 5

Prenatal studies

Question 6

When undiluted, what does Autoanti- I react with? at higher titers?

Answer 6

Adult and cord blood RBCs(undiluted)

ONLY adult cells (higher titers)

Question 7

Refers to the volume of the substance to be diluted in a total volume of the final solution and is an expression of concentration.

Answer 7

A dilution

Question 8

What principle is used when testing titers?

Answer 8

Saline IAT principle

Question 9

What is a Master Dilution ?

Answer 9

procedure that gives more accurate results than individual dilutions for a single set of titration tests because measurements are more accurate with large volumes

Question 10

How many tubes are used when dealing with HDN?

Answer 10

12 tubes

Question 11

What kind of pipette is used?

Answer 11

Volumetric pipette

Question 12

TRUE OR FALSE:

Place 0.5ml saline into tubes 1-10 with a volumetric pipette

Answer 12

False; tubes 2-10

Question 13

TRUE OR FALSE:

Homozygous will show stronger results that heterozygous.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

How to we read tubes for results?

Answer 14

From least reactive to most reactive

Question 15

How many times to we wash cells ?
A)2 times
B)4 times
C)3 times
D)5 times

Answer 15

B) 4 times

Question 16

What is RhIG?

Answer 16

The only preventative method for HDN due to anti-D

Question 17

When is RhIG given? Why?

Answer 17

At standard times throughout pregnancy and after an accident or miscarriage; to minimize the occurrence of anti-D formation that can result in immunization

Question 18

How much RhIG is given per dose ?

Answer 18

300ug

Question 19

_______ dose counters ____ of D Pos fetal blood

Answer 19

300ug ; 30ml

Question 20

Why would a Rh neg mother NOT receive RhIG?

Answer 20

• infant is known to be Rh neg

- Mother didn’t receive RhIG during first pregnancy and produced her own anti- D

Question 21

RhIG therapy should be given within ___ hours of delivery

Answer 21

72

Question 22

How long can Anti- D be detected after therapy?

Answer 22

5 months

Question 23

What could failure of RhIG be due to?

Answer 23

• administered after 72 hours

- Improper dosage

Question 24

What is the Rosette test ?

Answer 24

Screening/qualitative test for Rh Pos fetal blood in mother’s circulation

Question 25

What is Acid Elution (Kleihauer-Betke)?

Answer 25

quantitative test that detects presence of Rh Pos or Rh Neg fetal RBCs in maternal circulation

Question 26

How do you know if a Rosette Test is deemed positive?

Answer 26

Forms rosettes around D Pos fetal cells

Question 27

Rosette test detects ____ or more to be positive

Answer 27

10ml

Question 28

What is this formula? (% / 100) x 5000ml= fetal blood fetal blood / 30ml per dose RhIG=doses

Answer 28

Kleihauer- Betke Calculation (Fetal Maternal Hemorrhage)

Question 29

What is Amniocentesis used to evaluate?

Answer 29

- intrauterine hemolysis - fetal condition - severity of HDN

Question 30

What are two indicators for performing amniocentesis?

Answer 30

- Anti-D Titer at or above 16-32 | - history of previous pregnancy with HDN due to anti-D

Question 31

What negative effects can amniocentesis cause?

Answer 31

- fetal maternal hemorrhage - increase HDN severity - immunize against other Ag

Question 32

Amniocentesis results are used to decide between ___________ transfusion or delivery.

Answer 32

intrauterine

Question 33

May be used to treat severe anemia and prevent death in utero

Answer 33

Intrauterine transfusion

Question 34

When is intrauterine transfusion done?

Answer 34

After 20week gestation

Question 35

What are the blood requirements for intrauterine transfusion?

Answer 35

- O neg - negative for Ag matching Ab in mother’s blood - irradiated - CMV Neg - Lack Hemoglobin S - freshest possible , no more than 7 days - volume transfused depends on f - fetal size - route - initial hematocrit - gestational age