Otitis-Exam 2

Question 1

What is the shape of the ear canal in SA?

Answer 1

Vertical and horizontal canals with tympanic membrane at end of horizontal

Question 2

What does the middle ear consist of?

Answer 2

Tympanic cavity, bulla, auditory ossicles, eustachian tube

Question 3

What does the tympanic membrane consist of?

Answer 3

Pars flaccida and pars tensa

Question 4

What is the function of the middle ear?

Answer 4

Air vibrations strike eardrum stimulating auditory receptors in inner ear creating SOUND

Question 5

What does the inner ear consist of?

Answer 5

Cochlear and vestibular apparatus/nerves and semi-circular canals

Question 6

What are predisposing factors of otitis externa?

Answer 6

Stenosis
Hair in canals
Pendulous pinnae
Swimmer's ear
OVeractive glands
Polyps
Neoplasms

Question 7

What are primary factors of otitis externa?

Answer 7

Parasites
Microbes
Atopy
Food
Drug reactions
Contact hypersensitivity
Keratinization disorders
Autoimmune disease
Solar dermatitis

Question 8

What are perpetuating factors of otitis externa?

Answer 8

Bacteria, yeast, topical reactions, FB
Epidermal hyperplasia
Hyperkeratosis
Dermal edema or fibrosis
Lumen stenosis
Cartilage mineralization
Tympanic membrane changes
Middle ear dz

Question 9

What is the main cause of otitis externa in dogs vs. cats?

Answer 9

Dogs: allergies
Cats: parasites

Question 10

What are CS of acute otitis externa?

Answer 10

Head shaking –> hematoma

Question 11

How is acute otitis externa dx?

Answer 11

Otoscopic exam
Coffee grounds color: mites
Moist, brown: staph or yeast
Cream, yellow: gram negative bacT
Oily yellow, tan: glandular disorder, hypersensitivity

Question 12

T/F: Bacterial cultures are needed to dx acute otitis externa?

Answer 12

FALSE- most of the time bacterial infections are almost always secondary to something else

Question 13

What does ceruminolytic tx do in the ear?

Answer 13

Dissolves wax
Docusate sodium- emulsify wax and lipids
Propylene glycol- epiotic

Question 14

What agents should be used after cleaning the ears for a drying agent?

Answer 14

Isopropyl alcohol paired with acetic acid, salicyclic acid or benzoic acid

Question 15

When should you avoid using cleaning solutions that remove debris such as chlorhexidine with drying agents?

Answer 15

When the TM is not able to be assessed

Question 16

What is the first line Ab used in ears?

Answer 16

Neomycin-polymixin (doesn’t work in pus)

Question 17

What is a medication that can be used once weekly that can come in handy for aggressive or painful patients?

Answer 17

Poloxamer otic gel

Contains florfenicol/terbinafine/betamethasome acetate

Question 18

81% of gram negative bacteria are resistant to which drugs?

Answer 18

aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones

Susceptible to polymixin B

Question 19

What time period defines persistent otitis externa?

Answer 19

> /= 2 months

Question 20

What time period defines recurrent otitis externa?

Answer 20

> /= 6 months

Question 21

What is a major CS that can be seen with otitis media?

Answer 21

Horner’s syndrome or facial paralysis

Question 22

What are some surgical techniques that can be used for otitis media?

Answer 22

Lateral wall resection
Vertical ear canal ablation
Total ear canal ablation with bulla osteotomy

Question 23

What is commonly seen in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and is referred to as “glue” ear?

Answer 23

Primary secretory otitis media

Question 24

What is a sign that is seen in PSOM (glue ear) that helps with dx?

Answer 24

Bulging pars flaccida

Question 25

What are CS of PSOM?

Answer 25

Head tilt, neck pain, air scratching, facial paralysis, vestibular signs