Y5 - BCC

Question 1

def

Answer 1

common skin neoplasm

Question 2

what is BCC related to

Answer 2

sunlight

Question 3

what is BCC also known as

Answer 3

basal cell epithelioma as it rarely metastasises

Question 4

epi

Answer 4

very common increases with age

Question 5

why is BCC more common in australia than the UK

Answer 5

associated with increased exposure to sunlight

Question 6

aetiology

Answer 6

repetitive and frequent sun exposure

Question 7

how does sunlight cause BCC

Answer 7

UV radiation induces DNA damage in keratinocytes

Question 8

what is the most damaging form of UV light

Answer 8

290-320nm wavelength

Question 9

what gene mutations are associated with BCC

Answer 9

p53 sonic hedgehog signalling cascade

Question 10

what are risk factors for BCC

Answer 10

sun exposure UV radiation +XRs

Question 11

what do sunbeds increase the risk of

Answer 11

SCC and MM but not BCC

Question 12

what is basal cell naevus syndrome

Answer 12

AKA gorlin-goltz syndrome autosomal dominant broad face, rib deformities

Question 13

history

Answer 13

a small firm raised swelling on the skin with visible blood vessels and rolled smooth edges there may be a non-healing wound or scab on the swelling

Question 14

how common is metastasis with BCC

Answer 14

uncommon

Question 15

investigations

Answer 15

biopsy for dermatohistopathology

Question 16

how is basal cell carcinoma diagnosed

Answer 16

histology

Question 17

what would be seen on histology with BCC

Answer 17

basophilic (blue) hyperchromatic cells with high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio hypercellular stroma

Question 18

what sorts of biopsy is there

Answer 18

punch biopsy shave biospy

Question 19

when should a punch biopsy be used

Answer 19

cosmetically non-challenging areas (diagnosis and treatment)

Question 20

when should a shave biopsy be used

Answer 20

cosmetically challenging areas (face)

Question 21

management for basal cell naevus syndrome

Answer 21

treat any coexisting BCCs with conventional therapy -vismodegib

Question 22

management for a low-risk BCC in a non-challenging area

Answer 22

surgery to remove BCC OR curettage and cautery

Question 23

what is curretage and cautery

Answer 23

lesion is scraped off and heat applied to the skin surface

Question 24

management for a low-risk BCC in a challenging area

Answer 24

Mohs surgery

Question 25

what is Mohs surgery

Answer 25

in head and neck lesions where tissue sparing is important

Question 26

management for high-risk BCC

Answer 26

Mohs surgery

Question 27

management for a complicated or unoperable BCC

Answer 27

radiotherapy

Question 28

complications

Answer 28

lymph node spread and metastasis of BCC

Question 29

prognosis

Answer 29

good

Question 30

recurrence after mohs surgery

Answer 30

<1%

Question 31

recurrence after surgical treatment

Answer 31

<2%

Question 32

what are high-risk features of BCC

Answer 32

tumour >2cm tumour over central face poorly defined clinical margins

Question 33

BCC

Answer 33