PassMedicine

Question 1

what are the layers of the skin

Answer 1

epidermis
dermis + cutaneous nerves
subcutaneous layer

Question 2

what are the layers of the epidermis

Answer 2

cornified (horny) layer
grannular layer
spinous layer
basal layer

Question 3

what are there lots of in the spinous layer

Answer 3

keratinocytes

Question 4

what are the four cells of the epidermis

Answer 4

keratinocytes (most common)
melanocytes
langerhans cells
merkel cells

Question 5

what are melanocytes

Answer 5

pigment producing cells

Question 6

where are melanocytes found

Answer 6

basal layer of epidermis

Question 7

what is oncholysis

Answer 7

separation of nail from nail bed

Question 8

what conditions are associated with oncholysis

Answer 8

psoriasis
RA
thyroid disease

Question 9

what is the first line treatment for atopic dermatitis

Answer 9

emollients and topical steroids

Question 10

causes of hirsuitism

Answer 10

PCOS
cushings
acromegaly

Question 11

what drug can cause hair loss

Answer 11

warfarin (uncommonly)

Question 12

what is acanthosis nigricans associated with

Answer 12

GI carcinoma
hodgkins lymphoma
thyroid disease

Question 13

what sort of hypersensitivity reaction is seen in contact dermatitis

Answer 13

delayed IV

Question 14

what does macular mean

Answer 14

distinch red spots on skin

Question 15

what is pyoderma gangrenosum

Answer 15

rare skin condition which causes tissue to become necrotis leading to painful ulcers

Question 16

what is dermatitis herpetiformis

Answer 16

a chronic itchy blistering skin condition

Question 17

what is dermatitis herpetiformis associated with

Answer 17

coeliacs

Question 18

what are causes of generalised hypopigmentation

Answer 18

phenylketonuria
albinism
hypopituitarism

Question 19

what are causes of localised hypopigmentation

Answer 19

vitiligo

leprosy

Question 20

what is pyoderma gangrenosum associated with

Answer 20

CD

Question 21

what is lupus pernio associated with

Answer 21

sarcoidosis

Question 22

what is characteristic of lupus pernio

Answer 22

blue-red nodular lesions on nose

Question 23

what is a tight white ring around the tip of the foreskin and phimosis likely to be

Answer 23

lichen sclerosis

Question 24

what sort of reaction is erythema multiforme

Answer 24

a hypersensitivity reaction

Question 25

what is erythema multiforme major associated with

Answer 25

mucosal involvement

Question 26

what are classical lesions in erythema multiforme

Answer 26

target lesions

Question 27

what is the most common cause of erythema multiforme

Answer 27

HSV | others are drugs, SLE, sarcoidosis

Question 28

what is the first line management for acne

Answer 28

benzoyl peroxide

Question 29

where is venous ulceration most commonly seen

Answer 29

medial malleolus

Question 30

what is the most aggresive subtype of melanoma and metastasises early

Answer 30

nodular

Question 31

what is characteristic of zoons balanitis

Answer 31

orange-red lesions with pinpoint redder spots on the glans and adjacent areas of the foreskin in uncircumcised men

Question 32

how does circinate balanitis present

Answer 32

with a well demarcated erythematous plaque with a ragged white border

Question 33

what cures zoons balanitis

Answer 33

circumcision

Question 34

where does pityriasis versicolor affect on the body

Answer 34

the trunk

Question 35

how do you treat pityriasis versicolor

Answer 35

antifungal (ketoconazole)

Question 36

what is a port wine stain

Answer 36

a capillary malformation seen at birth which usually requires no treatment it is flat and dark red/purple

Question 37

what do strawberry naevi look like

Answer 37

soft raised vascular swellings on the skin surface

Question 38

what do salmon patches look like

Answer 38

flat dull red areas on the face or neck

Question 39

who is seborrhoeic dermatitis common in

Answer 39

parkinsons disease patients

Question 40

what is seborrhoeic dermatitis

Answer 40

a chronic dermatitis by an inflammatory reaction related to the proliferation of a normal skin inhabitant, a fungus called malassezia furfur

Question 41

what does seborrhoeic dermatitis look like

Answer 41

ecxematous lesions on sebum rich areas

Question 42

how is seborrhoeic dermatitis treated

Answer 42

``` topical antifungals (ketoconazole) topical steroids ```

Question 43

what is polymorphic eruption of pregnancy

Answer 43

pruritic condition associated with last trimester | lesions often appear in abdominal striae

Question 44

when is pemphigoid gestationis rarely seen

Answer 44

in the first pregnancy

Question 45

what is pemphigoid gestationis

Answer 45

itchy blistering lesiosn often in peri-umbilical region presents in 2/3 trimester

Question 46

what complication is most commonly associated with psoralen and ultraviolet light

Answer 46

SCC

Question 47

what type of sensitivity reaction is allergic contact dermatitis

Answer 47

type IV

Question 48

what does NICE recommend for all patients who have received organ transplants and present with new or growing skin lesions

Answer 48

urgent referral to a dermatologist | SCCs are more common in the immunosuppressed

Question 49

what is the difference beween hirsutism and hypertrichosis

Answer 49

hirsutism is androgen-dependent hair growth | hypertrichosis is androgen-independent hair growth

Question 50

what are causes of hypertrichosis

Answer 50

drugs: ciclosporin | anorexia nervosa

Question 51

features of a karatoacanthoma

Answer 51

initially a smooth dome shaped papule | rapidly grows to become a crater filled centrally with keratin

Question 52

what is erythema ab igne

Answer 52

a rash from applying heat to an area

Question 53

what are curlings ulcers

Answer 53

stress ulcers which may occur in the duodenum of burns patients and are more common in children

Question 54

what are the four common features of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

Answer 54

1 epistaxis 2 telangiectases 3 visceral lesions 4 FHx 3/4 will give definite diagnosis of HHT

Question 55

where do pyogenic granulomas commonly appear

Answer 55

at the sites of trauma

Question 56

what is the most common form of skin cancer

Answer 56

BCC

Question 57

what are BCC and SCC related to

Answer 57

sun exposure

Question 58

what increases risk of SCC

Answer 58

immunosuppression (transplant)

Question 59

what are major criteria for malignant melanoma

Answer 59

change in size, shape, colour

Question 60

what are minor criteria for malignant melanoma

Answer 60

diameter >6mm inflammation oozing or bleeding altered sensation

Question 61

what is kaposis sarcoma

Answer 61

a tumour of vascular and lymphatic endothelium | presents as purple cutaneous nodules

Question 62

what is dermatitis herpetiformis associated with

Answer 62

coeliacs disease

Question 63

what are causes of acanthosis nigricans

Answer 63

insulin resistance in diabetes GI cancer hypothyroidism