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Year 5 Dermatology > PassMedicine > Flashcards

PassMedicine Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what are the layers of the skin

A

epidermis
dermis + cutaneous nerves
subcutaneous layer

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2
Q

what are the layers of the epidermis

A

cornified (horny) layer
grannular layer
spinous layer
basal layer

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3
Q

what are there lots of in the spinous layer

A

keratinocytes

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4
Q

what are the four cells of the epidermis

A

keratinocytes (most common)
melanocytes
langerhans cells
merkel cells

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5
Q

what are melanocytes

A

pigment producing cells

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6
Q

where are melanocytes found

A

basal layer of epidermis

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7
Q

what is oncholysis

A

separation of nail from nail bed

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8
Q

what conditions are associated with oncholysis

A

psoriasis
RA
thyroid disease

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9
Q

what is the first line treatment for atopic dermatitis

A

emollients and topical steroids

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10
Q

causes of hirsuitism

A

PCOS
cushings
acromegaly

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11
Q

what drug can cause hair loss

A

warfarin (uncommonly)

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12
Q

what is acanthosis nigricans associated with

A

GI carcinoma
hodgkins lymphoma
thyroid disease

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13
Q

what sort of hypersensitivity reaction is seen in contact dermatitis

A

delayed IV

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14
Q

what does macular mean

A

distinch red spots on skin

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15
Q

what is pyoderma gangrenosum

A

rare skin condition which causes tissue to become necrotis leading to painful ulcers

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16
Q

what is dermatitis herpetiformis

A

a chronic itchy blistering skin condition

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17
Q

what is dermatitis herpetiformis associated with

A

coeliacs

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18
Q

what are causes of generalised hypopigmentation

A

phenylketonuria
albinism
hypopituitarism

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19
Q

what are causes of localised hypopigmentation

A

vitiligo

leprosy

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20
Q

what is pyoderma gangrenosum associated with

A

CD

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21
Q

what is lupus pernio associated with

A

sarcoidosis

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22
Q

what is characteristic of lupus pernio

A

blue-red nodular lesions on nose

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23
Q

what is a tight white ring around the tip of the foreskin and phimosis likely to be

A

lichen sclerosis

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24
Q

what sort of reaction is erythema multiforme

A

a hypersensitivity reaction

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25
Q

what is erythema multiforme major associated with

A

mucosal involvement

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26
Q

what are classical lesions in erythema multiforme

A

target lesions

27
Q

what is the most common cause of erythema multiforme

A

HSV

others are drugs, SLE, sarcoidosis

28
Q

what is the first line management for acne

A

benzoyl peroxide

29
Q

where is venous ulceration most commonly seen

A

medial malleolus

30
Q

what is the most aggresive subtype of melanoma and metastasises early

A

nodular

31
Q

what is characteristic of zoons balanitis

A

orange-red lesions with pinpoint redder spots on the glans and adjacent areas of the foreskin in uncircumcised men

32
Q

how does circinate balanitis present

A

with a well demarcated erythematous plaque with a ragged white border

33
Q

what cures zoons balanitis

A

circumcision

34
Q

where does pityriasis versicolor affect on the body

A

the trunk

35
Q

how do you treat pityriasis versicolor

A

antifungal (ketoconazole)

36
Q

what is a port wine stain

A

a capillary malformation seen at birth which usually requires no treatment
it is flat and dark red/purple

37
Q

what do strawberry naevi look like

A

soft raised vascular swellings on the skin surface

38
Q

what do salmon patches look like

A

flat dull red areas on the face or neck

39
Q

who is seborrhoeic dermatitis common in

A

parkinsons disease patients

40
Q

what is seborrhoeic dermatitis

A

a chronic dermatitis by an inflammatory reaction related to the proliferation of a normal skin inhabitant, a fungus called malassezia furfur

41
Q

what does seborrhoeic dermatitis look like

A

ecxematous lesions on sebum rich areas

42
Q

how is seborrhoeic dermatitis treated

A 
topical antifungals (ketoconazole)
topical steroids
43
Q

what is polymorphic eruption of pregnancy

A

pruritic condition associated with last trimester

lesions often appear in abdominal striae

44
Q

when is pemphigoid gestationis rarely seen

A

in the first pregnancy

45
Q

what is pemphigoid gestationis

A

itchy blistering lesiosn
often in peri-umbilical region
presents in 2/3 trimester

46
Q

what complication is most commonly associated with psoralen and ultraviolet light

A

SCC

47
Q

what type of sensitivity reaction is allergic contact dermatitis

A

type IV

48
Q

what does NICE recommend for all patients who have received organ transplants and present with new or growing skin lesions

A

urgent referral to a dermatologist

SCCs are more common in the immunosuppressed

49
Q

what is the difference beween hirsutism and hypertrichosis

A

hirsutism is androgen-dependent hair growth

hypertrichosis is androgen-independent hair growth

50
Q

what are causes of hypertrichosis

A

drugs: ciclosporin

anorexia nervosa

51
Q

features of a karatoacanthoma

A

initially a smooth dome shaped papule

rapidly grows to become a crater filled centrally with keratin

52
Q

what is erythema ab igne

A

a rash from applying heat to an area

53
Q

what are curlings ulcers

A

stress ulcers which may occur in the duodenum of burns patients and are more common in children

54
Q

what are the four common features of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

A

1 epistaxis
2 telangiectases
3 visceral lesions
4 FHx

3/4 will give definite diagnosis of HHT

55
Q

where do pyogenic granulomas commonly appear

A

at the sites of trauma

56
Q

what is the most common form of skin cancer

A

BCC

57
Q

what are BCC and SCC related to

A

sun exposure

58
Q

what increases risk of SCC

A

immunosuppression (transplant)

59
Q

what are major criteria for malignant melanoma

A

change in size, shape, colour

60
Q

what are minor criteria for malignant melanoma

A

diameter >6mm
inflammation
oozing or bleeding
altered sensation

61
Q

what is kaposis sarcoma

A

a tumour of vascular and lymphatic endothelium

presents as purple cutaneous nodules

62
Q

what is dermatitis herpetiformis associated with

A

coeliacs disease

63
Q

what are causes of acanthosis nigricans

A

insulin resistance in diabetes
GI cancer
hypothyroidism

Year 5 Dermatology (34 decks)

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