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Ch 7 - Chemistry > 7.1 > Flashcards

7.1 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What is chemistry

A

Scientific study if matter; physical and chemical changes affecting matter and energy changes that accompany these processes

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2
Q

What is biochemistry

A

The study of chemical reactions such as growth, reproduction and respiration that occurs within a living organism

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3
Q

What is organic chemistry

A

Deals w all matter that is living or was living at one time, study of matter containing carbon which is present in all plants and animals

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4
Q

What is inorganic chemistry

A

Deals w matter that was never living and does not contain carbon

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5
Q

What is matter

A

Anything that occupies space

Solid liquid gas

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6
Q

What is physical change

A

When the characteristics of a substance change only in physical composition. Water to ice

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7
Q

What is chemical change

A

When a substance creates a new substance with different material characteristics from the original, example when hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water

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8
Q

What is sublimination

A

Solid passing into gaseous state without melting

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9
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work to accomplish change

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10
Q

Elements

A

Basic units of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances through any chemical reaction they are pure

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11
Q

How many naturally occurring elements are there in nature

A

92

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12
Q

Who created the periodic table

A

Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer

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13
Q

What is periodic law

A

Unifying concepts used to organize elements and their similarities

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14
Q

What are letters

A

Chemical symbols that are served as a scientific shorthand for each element

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15
Q

What does the number next to the element signify

A

This is known as the atomic number and it indicates the number of protons in a single particular element

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16
Q

What are the five important elements for aestheticians

A 
Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Sulfur
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17
Q

What is an atom

A

The smallest complete unit of an element

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18
Q

True or false

Each element consists of identical atoms

A

True

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19
Q

What are the three particles that make up atoms

A

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

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20
Q

What are protons

A

Positive electrical charge

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21
Q

What are neutrons

A

No electrical charge

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22
Q

What are electrons

A

Negative electrical charge

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23
Q

Which type of atom forms with another atom to form a bond

A

Electrons

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24
Q

What is most responsible for the chemical behavior a.k.a. reactivity of an atom

A

The number of electrons present in the outer most orbiting path or shell

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25
Which atoms are in the inside of the nucleus
Protons and neutrons | They are packed tightly to form a dense core at the center
26
What atom is on the outside of a nucleus
The electrons, which move around the nucleus at the speed of light on orbiting paths called energy levels
27
What is a free electron
The name given to an electron in the outer most orbit that is easily moved from its orbit
28
What happens if another atom has a shortage of electrons
A free electron will try to move to that atom
29
How does an atom become considered electrically neutral
If it is not missing any electrons
30
Which atoms are reactive
Unstable atoms
31
How do unstable atoms complete their outer shell
They seek other atoms with which they can share electrons
32
What is the term for atoms combine with other atoms
Molecules
33
How do you determine a molecule
Molecules are two or more of the same items join together by one or more chemical bonds
34
How are compounds formed
Compounds are formed by the union of individual elements that have their own unique chemical and physical characteristics
35
How many chemical compounds have been identified by scientists
4 million
36
Where do chemical reactions occur
In the outer shell of atoms
37
What is oxidation
When a substance loses an electron. oxygen is required
38
What is reduction
When a substance gains an electron, oxygen is released
39
Is oxygen required or released during oxidation
Required
40
What are ions
Charged atoms involved in a chemical reaction
41
How do ions attract or repel each other
Based on their positive or negative charge
42
What is an ionic bond
When positive and negative ions join they are held together by an ionic bond
43
What is a covalent bond
If no trading is taking place and the atoms are sharing the electrons they are held together by a covalent bond
44
What are chemical bonds
Forces that hold Adams together in compounds
45
What are the 3 major biochemical compound groups
Protein Carbohydrates Lipids
46
What do proteins do
They help the body construct and renew itself
47
What do carbohydrates do
Store energy and play a key role in metabolism
48
What do lipids do
Fill the intercellular spaces in the skin
49
What do enzymes do
Materials that dissolve and break down large molecules into smaller ones
50
What are amino acids
Compounds consisting of carbon oxygen hydrogen and nitrogen that join together to form protein chains
51
What are the two forms of protein chains
Peptide bond | Polypeptide chain
52
What is the peptide bond
A bond uniting two amino acid groups
53
What is the polypeptide chain
Thousands of amino acids connected lengthwise to form a chain
54
What are two types of proteins
Monomers and polymers
55
What are monomers
Basic building block molecules
56
What do monomers do
Serve as the building blocks that connect with each other to form larger more complex compounds
57
What are polymers
Groups of monomers that bond together
58
What are carbs
Molecules containing carbon (C) hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O)
59
What is a saccharide
A simple unit of a carbohydrate
60
What is monosaccharide
A single saccharide
61
What are disaccharides
Two saccharides linked together
62
What are polysaccharides
many saccharides linked together
63
What are lipids made up of
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
64
Are lipids formed by the linkage of basic molecule units
No
65
What are 3 examples of lipids
Triglycerides Fats Steroids

Ch 7 - Chemistry (5 decks)

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