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z. Neuro Class > Sensory System ppt 9-11 > Flashcards

Sensory System ppt 9-11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are characteristic of sensory stimuli?

A

modality location intensity duration

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2
Q

What is modality?

A

General class of stimulus, General (somatic and visceral) Special (smell,tast etc.)

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3
Q

What are free nerve ending sensory receptors?

A

bare dendrites associated with pain, thermal, tickle, itch and some touch sensations PAIN TEMPERATURE throughout the skin

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4
Q

What are encapsulated nerve endings sensory receptors?

A

dendrites enclosed in connective ties. Pressure, vibration and some touch sensation

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5
Q

What type of stimulus do mechanoreceptors detect?

A

Mechanical stimuli. touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception. hearing and equilibrium. monitor stretch of blood ves.

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6
Q

What type of stimulus do thermoreceptors detect?

A

changes in temp

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7
Q

What type of stimulus do nociceptors detect?

A

painful stimuli from physical or chemical damage

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8
Q

What type of stimulus do photoreceptors detect?

A

direct light the strikes the retina of the eye

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9
Q

What type of stimulus do chemoreceptors detect?

A

chemicals in the mouth (taste), nose (small) and body fluids

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10
Q

What type of stimulus do osmoreceptors detect?

A

sense osmotic pressure of body fluids

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11
Q

Where are proprioceptors located? What to they relay?

A

in the muscles, tendons, joints and inner ear. provide information about position, movement and equilibrium.

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12
Q

What do messier corpuscles sense?

A

Dynamic, fine/light touch, position sense

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13
Q

What do Pacinian corpuscles sense?

A

Vibration and Pressure in the deep skin layers, ligaments and joints

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14
Q

What do Merkel discs sense?

A

Pressure, deep static touch, position sense. at the finger rips and superficial skin

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15
Q

What do Ruffini corpuscles sense?

A

pressure, slippage of objects, joint angle change at the the fingertips and joints.

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16
Q

What is the receptive field?

A

an area of the body that when stimulated results in a change in firing rate of a sensory neuron.

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17
Q

How to neighboring receptive field interact?

A

Receptive field of neighboring afferent neurons usually overlap. *Degree of over lap varies in different part of body.

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18
Q

What is acuity?

A

the precision of stimulus localization or the ability to distinguish fine details smaller field higher density less convergence overlap lateral inhibition

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19
Q

What is a lateral inhibition (sensory)?

A

capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the activity of its neighbors.

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20
Q

Two point discrimination

A

minimum distance between 2 caliper points , perceived as separate points of stimulation test the integrity of the dorsal column and proprioception.

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21
Q

What is spatial summation

A

intensity can be transmitted by increasing number of parallel fibers

22
Q

What is temporal summation?

A

intensity can be transmitted by sending more ap along a single fiber

23
Q

What is a receptor potential?

A

initial response of a receptor- voltage across the receptor membrane intensity determines the frequency of action potentials

24
Q

SLOW adapting Receptors TONIC

A

Adapt very little over time and remain responsive during long stimuli. Pressure.

25
Q

RAPIDLY adapting receptors PHASIC

A

Adapt very quickly and essentially detect only the onset of a stimulus. Vibration.

26
Q

Dermatome Reflex mnemonic

A

s1-2 buckle my show l3-4 kick the the door c5-6 pick up sticks c7-8 lay them straight

27
Q

What is the arrangement of neuron in the sensory pathway?

A
  1. from receptor to spinal cord (dorsal root ganglion) 2. first order to thalamus. (cross midline) 3. Thalamus to sensory cortex
28
Q

What does the Fasciculus gracilis receive?

A

sensory from the ipsilateral lower limb

29
Q

What does the fasiculus cuneatus receive?

A

sensory from ipsilateral upper limb

30
Q

What does the spinothalamic tract receive?

A

pain and temp from the contralateral side of the body

31
Q

What are the anterolateral pathways?

A

Anterior spinothalamic- crude touch Lateral spinothalamic- pain temp (lisseaur tract)

32
Q

What does the Posterior column (Dorsal medial lemniscus) sense?

A

fine touch

vibration

tactile location/ discrimination

streognosis

proprioception

33
Q

Medial Lemniscus Pathway

A

1.Axon enters to the fasiculus. 2. Terminate in the nuc gracilis or cuneatus. CROSS MIDLINE at MEDULLA 3. up medulla, pons and midbrain. 4. end in the VPL of the thalamus

34
Q

Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Pathways

A
  1. Axon enters the spinal cord in spinothalamic tract. CROSS MIDLINE in the SPINAL CORD.
  2. Anteriolatertract in medulla.
  3. up medulla, pons and midbrain.
  4. end in the VPL of the thalamus
35
Q

Tract of Lissauer

A

Lie’s Hurt PAIN a spinal ganglion enters the spinal cord and before it synapse with gives fibers to the above and bellow segments

36
Q

What is the first modulator of pain?

A

Substantia gelatinosa jello to relieve pain

37
Q

Spinocerebellar Pathway

A
  1. Proprioceptive info enters spinal cord. Travels fascicles cutaneous. 1b. Clark Nuc L3-C8 2.Posterior Spino cerebellar tract brainstem, medulla 3. Ipsilateral cerebellum
38
Q

Which spinocerebellar pathway crosses over twice?

A

ventral (anterior) spinocerebellar

39
Q

Romber Sign

A

lesion in the dorsal columns

40
Q

Which lesion affects only the spina cerebellar tract

A

Fridreich Ataxia

41
Q

Aδ mechanical nociceptors

A

Myelinated axons respond to COLD fast paint

42
Q

Polymodal C fiber Nociceptors

A

UNmyelinated Response to hot temp slow pain.

43
Q

Vanilloid Receptors

A

VR-1 Capsaicin VRL temp >50*C

44
Q

Mechanism of Pain

A

Breadykinin, 5HT, Prostaglandin and Histamine active nociceptors. Noci. releace Sub. P with causes more realest of histamine

45
Q

What is the dual pathway for pain?

A

Paleospinothalamic (C fibers)- slow Neospinothalamic (Aδ fibers)- fast

46
Q

Unmodulated Pain

A

Unmodulated pain- excitation of the second order neuron- inhibition of the inhibitory interneuron.- pain passes to thalamus

47
Q

Gate theory of pain modulation

A

Aβ fibers carrying sensory information about mechanical stimuli help block pain transmission

48
Q

Referred pain

A

painful sensation in site other than the injured one. Dermatome theory Convergence Theory

49
Q

Hyperalgesia:

A

increased sensitivity and lower threshold to painful stimuli.

50
Q

Hypoalgesia:

A

decreased sensitivity and raised threshold to painful stimuli.

51
Q

Analgesia:

A

complete loss of pain sensation

52
Q

Allodynia:

A

the state in which there is excessive response to even mild stimuli.

z. Neuro Class (19 decks)

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