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Robbins Pathology GI (Chptr 16,17,18,19) > Chapter 16- Salivary Glands > Flashcards

Chapter 16- Salivary Glands Flashcards

1
Q

What is xerostomia

A

Dry mouth from a decrease in the production of saliva

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2
Q

How does xerostomia present

A

Dry mucosa

Atrophy of the tongue papillae with fissuring and ulcerations

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3
Q

Patients with xerostonia present with higher rates of what

A
  • Dental caries
  • Cadidiasis
  • difficulty swallowing and speaking
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4
Q

What is the most common type of inflammatory salivary gland lesion

A

Mucoceles

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5
Q

What is the most common type of viral sialadenitis

A

Mumps, which affects the parotid

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6
Q

What is the cause of mucocele

A

Lesion of the salivary gland from blockage or rupture of the salivary gland duct, leading to leakage into the connective tissue stroma

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of mucoceles

A

Trauma, usually on the lower lip

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8
Q

What is the clinical presentation of mucocele

A
  • Swelling of the lower lip with a blue tint to it

- Changes in size of the lesion, especially with meals

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9
Q

Histologically, what are mucoceles composed of

A
  • Psedocysts which have cyst spaces lined inflammatory granulation tissue/connective tissue
  • Spaces filled with mucin and macrophages
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10
Q

What is the treatment of the mucocele

A

Excision of the cyst along with the accompanying minor salivary gland

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11
Q

What is the it called when there is an epithelial lined cyst that has arisen due to damage to the sublingual duct

A

Randal

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12
Q

What is the term used for when there is a cyst that has dissected the connective tissue and has connected the two bellies of the myohyloid bellies

A

Plunging ranula

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13
Q

What are the common bacterial causes non-specific sialadenitis, and what is the common duct affected

A

Submandibular gland blocked by stones, usually as a result of S. Aureus or Sptrept viridans

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14
Q

Patients under which treatment can commonly develop decreased secretory function

A

Phenothiazines

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15
Q

Which patients are at an increased risk of developing bacterial suppurative parotitis

A

Elderly patients with recent major thoracic or abdominal surgery and are dehydrated

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16
Q

What is the rule for bilateral versus unilateral in obstructive or inflammatory of glands

A

Unilateral is the rule

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17
Q

Most neoplasms of the salivary glands arise in which location

A

Parotid gland

18
Q

How common are neoplasms of the salivary glands

A

Not very common at all

19
Q

What is the relationship between the size of the salivary gland and the risk for a neoplasm

A

The smaller the gland is, the more likely it is to develop a neoplasm (parotid is the lowest, sublingual the highest)

20
Q

Which patient population is more likely to develop Warthin tumors

A

Males (higher risk of smoking, which predisposes)

21
Q

What will be the prevention of all parotid neoplasms

A

Distinctive swelling in front of and below the ear

22
Q

What are the cells the make up the pleomorphic adenomas

A

Mixture of ductal cells (epithelial) and myoepithelial cells (mesenchymal)

23
Q

What is the most common tumor in the parotid gland and what is its prevalence in other glands

A

Pleomorphic adenoma, rarely found in any other than the parotid gland

24
Q

What is known to increase the risk for a pleomorphic adenine

A

Radiation exposure

25
Q

What is the chromosomal rearrangement that is commonly associated with the formation of pleomorphic adenomas

A

PLAG1

26
Q

What is the prognosis of pleomorphic adenomas

A

Benign tumor

27
Q

What is the histological features of the pleomorphic adenomas

A

Resemble ductal cells or myoepithelial cells arrange in a ductal formation

28
Q

In most cases of pleomorphic adenomas, what is there no evidence of

A
  • No epithelial dysplasia

- No mitotic activity

29
Q

How will a pleomorphic adenoma present to the clinic

A

-Painless, slow growing, mobile, discrete masses within the parotid or submandibular areas or buccal cavity

30
Q

What is the prognosis of a pleomorphic adenoma becomes a mixed malignant tumor

A

Not good, as it is one of the most invasive salivary tumors

31
Q

What is the location that the papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum usually arises in

A

Parotid gland

32
Q

What is the patient group that the papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum will arise in

A

Male smokers

33
Q

Which condition is histologically known to contain a granular appearance of the cytoplasm of the upper layer of cells due large number of mitochondria

A

Aka oncytic cell see in Warthin tumors

34
Q

Which cells are included in mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A

Mixture of squamous cells, mucus secreting cells, and intermediate cells

35
Q

Which condition is associated with the translocation (11;19)(q21;p13)

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

36
Q

What is the condition associated with MECT1/MAML2 fusion genes

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

37
Q

What is the most common form of primary malignant tumor of the salivary glands

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

38
Q

Which pathway is affected by the MECT1 and MAML2 fusion gene

A

CAMP and Notch

39
Q

What is the histological pattern seen in mucoepidermoid carcinomas

A
  • Lack well defined capsules and infiltrating at the margins
  • Contain mucin filled cysts
  • Cords/sheets of squamous, mucous, and intermediate cells
40
Q

What is the common location that adenoid system carcinoma is found

A

50% in the minor salivary glands, especially the palatine glands

41
Q

What salivary gland tumor has reports of invading the nose, sinuses and upper airways, or the cribriform plate aka perineural spaces

A

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

42
Q

Which form of adenoid cystic carcinoma have a poorer prognosis than others

A

Minor salivary glands have a worse prognosis when compared to parotid glands

Robbins Pathology GI (Chptr 16,17,18,19) (32 decks)

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