Major Histocompatiblility complex

Question 1

In adaptive humoral (anti-body mediated) immunity what is the function, response to, and major proteins for battle

Answer 1

blocks infection via elimination of extracellular microbes, extracellular microbes, B lymphocytes

Question 2

In adaptive (cell mediated) immunity what is the function, response to, and major proteins for battle

Answer 2

activate macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbes/kill infected cells and eliminate reservoirs of infection, intracelluar microbes, T lymphocytes

Question 3

What is the function of antigen presenting cells (APCs)

Answer 3

Capture, process and present antigen to T lymphocytes

Question 4

What are the types of APCs

Answer 4

Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes

Question 5

What is the function of APCs

Answer 5

naive T cell activation leads to differentiation into effector T cells, effector T cell activation leads to activation of macrophages and B cells (kill pathogen or secrete antibodies)

Question 6

What is the most effective APC to a naive T cell, result

Answer 6

Dendritic cells, activates into differentiated T cells

Question 7

HLA polymorphism

Answer 7

multiple alleles caused from mutations

Question 8

HLA haplotype

Answer 8

The particular combination of MHC alleles present

Question 9

HLA codominance

Answer 9

Equal expression of both materal and paternal genes are expressed equally

Question 10

What are the the structures present in all MHCs

Answer 10

extracellular peptide binding cleft (binding peptide), Immunoglobulin (Ig) like domain (bind T cell corecptor), transmembrane cytoplasmic domain (anchors MHC to cell)

Question 11

What is the type of cleft formed in MHC class 1

Answer 11

alpha chain only

Question 12

For MHC class 1 the Ig-like domain binds what, what would be the function of the bound cell

Answer 12

CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, kill cells infected with intracellular microbes

Question 13

T/F: MHC class 1 is present on all nucleated cells

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the type of cleft formed in MHC class 2

Answer 14

alpha chain and beta chain

Question 15

For MHC class 2 the Ig-like domain binds what, what is the function of the bound cell

Answer 15

CD4+ helper T cells, activate macrohpages to eliminate phagocytosed extracellular microbes/activate B lymphocytes to make antibodies that also eliminate microbes

Question 16

What are the five steps that occur in Class 1 Pathway of antigen presentation

Answer 16

1) Production of antigenic proteins within cytosol 2) Proteolytic Digestion of Cytosolic protiens 3) Transport peptides from the cytosol to the Endoplasmic Reticulum Step 4) Assembly of Peptide -MHC Class 1 Complexes in the Endoplasmic Reticulum 5)Surface expression of Peptide MHC Class 1 complexes

Question 17

In step 1 of Class 1 pathway of antigen presentation where is the source of the peptide presenteted

Answer 17

viruses and microbes

Question 18

In Step 2 of Class 1 pathway of antigen presentation what is the enzyme that generates the peptides through digestion, how

Answer 18

proteasomes, proteins are ubiqutinated causing marks that leads to degradation

Question 19

In Step 3 of Class 1 pathway of antigen presentation where is the MHC 1 synthesized at, what transports the peptides to the ER

Answer 19

Endoplasmic Reticulum, Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing (TAP)

Question 20

T/F: TAP is not dependant on ATP

Answer 20

False: TAP is an active transport protein

Question 21

In Step 4 of Class 1 pathway of antigen presentation what protein works with TAP to bring together MHC 1 and peptide

Answer 21

Tapasin, once released from tapasin it the whole complex and exit the ER

Question 22

In Step 5 of Class 1 pathway of antigen presentation what moves the complex outside the cell,

Answer 22

exocytotic vesicles move stable complexes to the surface,

Question 23

What are the five steps for MHC class 2 pathway of antigen presentation

Answer 23

1) Generation of Vesicular proteins 2) Proteolytic digestion of proteins in vesicles 3) Biosynthesis and Transport of Class 2 MHC molecules to endosomes 4) Association of processed peptides with class 2 MHC molecules in vesicles 5) Expression of MHC 2 complex on cell surface