UNIT 1: musculoskeletal system - skeletal/joints Flashcards
What are the two main part of the skeletal system?
- axial: skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum
- appendicular: bones of upper and lower limb including pelvis and shoulder
what are the functions of these two main parts?
- Axial: protection of organs/ large SA for muscle attachment
- Appendicular: movement (upper limb: dexterity/ lower limb: stability)
what are the five types of bones?
- long
- short
- flat
- irregular
- sesamoid
how would you describe the shapes of these bones?
- long: length greater than width
- short: length/width roughly equal
- flat: thin
- irregular: shaped other than long, short and flat
- sesamoid; shaped like a seed
what are the function of these bones?
- long: act as lever/transmit longitudinal forces
- short: strength/movement
- flat: protection
- sesamoid: protect tendons from excessive wear
what is another function of flat bones?
haematopoeisis - source of red bone marrow
what is a joint?
articulation between two or more rigid components (one/cartilage)
what are the three types pf joints?
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
what are the two types of fibrous joints?
- syndesmosis: interosseous membrane uniting bones
- gomphosis (dento-alveolar syndesmosis): stabilises teeth (periodontium)
How would you describe the movement in fibrous joints?
synarthrosis : no movement
Where are cartilaginous joints found?
in vertebrae
what are the two types of cartilaginous joints? - give examples of these joints
primary: synchondroses - hyaline cartilage
= 1st sternocostal joint/ xiphisternal
secondary: symphyses - fibrocartilage
= IV disc, pubic symphysis, bones of skull
how would you describe the movement of cartilaginous joints?
ampiarthrosis: slight mobility
what is a synovial joint?
two bones seprated by joint cavity containing synovial fluid and joined by articular capsule
how would you describe the movement of synovial joints?
diarthrosis: full movement
