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Anatomy > Fascial Layers/ Muscles of the Neck > Flashcards

Fascial Layers/ Muscles of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Give overview of fascial layers

A

superficial fascia - platysma (+ superficial veins/ lymph nodes/ fat)
deep fascia:
- superficial (investing layer) = SCM + trapezius
- middle = pretracheal fascia + carotid sheath
- deep = prevertebral fascia

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2
Q

What is the function of the platysma muscle?

A
  • muscle of fascial expression - depresses mandible
  • shaving muscle - tenses skin of neck when contracted
  • forms wrinkles in neck with age
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3
Q

What is the innervation of the platysma muscle?

A

cervical branch of facial nerve

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4
Q

What superficial vein is found in superficial fascia?

A

external jugular vein

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5
Q

Give the attachments of the superficial layer of deep fascia

A

superior: superior nuchal line/ occipital protuberance
inferior: spine/ acromion/ clavicle/ manubrium
anterior: hyoid bone
posterior: nuchal ligament of posterior column

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6
Q

What is the function of the SCM?

A
  • unilateral contraction: ipsilateral flexion of neck & contralateral rotation
  • bilateral contraction: head & neck extension, accessory inspiratory muscle
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7
Q

What is the innervation of the SCM?

A
  • accessory nerve

- branches of the cervical plexus C2-C3

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8
Q

What can be felt in the middle 1/3 of the front edge of SCM?

A

lies over the carotid sheath = carotid pulse

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9
Q

What landmark is used for insertion of central line?

A

medial edge of SCM

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10
Q

Where is Erb’s point and what is its significance?

A

dorsal to SCM -branches of plexus merge for puncture of LA

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11
Q

What vein passes over lateral border of SCM to pass behind the clavicle and join the subclavian vein?

A

external jugular vein

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius?

A

spinal accessory nerve

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13
Q

Where does the pretracheal layer span between?

A

hyoid bone & thorax where it fuses with the pericardium

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14
Q

What does pretracheal fascia enclose?

A

muscle: infrahyoid muscles
viscera: thyroid gland, trachea & oesophagus

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15
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

A
  • common and internal carotid artery
  • internal jugular vein
  • vagus nerve
  • deep cervical lymph nodes
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16
Q

What does the prevertebral layer surround?

A

vertebral column and muscles associated with it + muscles of the back

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17
Q

Name the 4 suprahyoid muscles

A
  • stylohyoid
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
  • digastric
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18
Q

What action do the suprahyoid muscles produce?

A

elevate hyoid bone to initate swallowing?

19
Q

What is the arterial supply of the suprahyoid muscles?

A

branches of the facial artery, occipital artery & lingual artery

20
Q

Give another action of geniohyoid and its innervation

A
  • depresses mandible

- C1 root within hypoglossal nerve

21
Q

Give another action of mylohyoid and its innervation

A
  • floor of oral cavity/ supports floor of mouth

- inferior alveolar nerve (branch of V2)

22
Q

Give another action of digastric and its innervation

A
  • depresses mandible
  • anterior belly: inferior alveolar nerve
  • posterior belly: digastric branch of facial nerve
23
Q

Give another action of stylohyoid and its innervation

A
  • pulls hyoid bone posterior & superior direction

- stylohyoid branch of facial nerve (proximal to parotid gland)

24
Q

Which suprahyoid muscle is a thin (short diameter) muscle?

A

stylohyoid

25
Q

Which suprahyoid muscle is close to the midline of the neck?

A

geniohyoid

26
Q

Which suprahyoid muscle is split into two bellies connected by a tendon, attached to hyoid bone via fibrous sling?

A

digastric

27
Q

Which suprahyoid muscle is a large triangular shaped muscle?

A

mylohyoid

28
Q

Name 4 infrahyoid muscles

A
  • omohyoid
  • sternohyoid
  • thryohyoid
  • sternothyroid
29
Q

What is the vasculature of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

superior/ inferior thyroid arteries with corresponding venous drainage

30
Q

Which infrahyoid muscles are in the superficial and deep plane?

A
  • superficial: omohyoid/ sternohyoid

- deep: thyrohyoid/ sternothyroid

31
Q

Give the action and innervation of muscles in the superficial plane of infrahyoid muscles

A
  • depresses hyoid

- anterior rami of C1-3

32
Q

Give the action and innervation of the sternothyroid

A
  • depresses thyroid cartilage

- anterior rami of C1-3

33
Q

Give the action and innervation of the thyrohyoid

A
  • depresses hyoid/ elevates larynx (if hyoid is fixed)

- anterior rami of C1 within hypoglossal

34
Q

Which short infrahyoid muscle is found lateral to sternum?

A

thyrohyoid

35
Q

What actions do the scalene muscles produce?

A
  • accessory muscles of respiration

- flexion at the neck

36
Q

Give innervations of the scalenes

A
  • anterior: C5-6
  • middle: C3-8
  • posterior: C6-8
37
Q

What structures pass between the anterior and middle scalenes? - why is this significant?

A

brachial plexus and subclavian artery - useful for interscalene block in anaesthetics

38
Q

What structure runs down the anterior scalene?

A

phrenic nerve

39
Q

What structure crosses the anterior scalene?

A

subclavian vein

40
Q

Where are the prevertebral muscles and what actions do they produce/

A
  • deep cervical muscles laterally enveloped into the prevertebral layer
  • ventral flexion/ lateral flexion of the cervical column
41
Q

Name the prevertebral muscles

A
  • longus capitis
  • longus calli
  • rectus capitis (anterior/ lateralis) - secondary back muscles
42
Q

Where are the suboccipital muscles located?

- give their innervation and action

A
  • beneath occipital bone - deep to the sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, splenius and semispinalis muscles.
  • suboccipital nerve
  • extend/ rotate head
43
Q

name the suboccipital muscles

A
  • rectus capitis posterior (major/minor)

- oblique capitis (superior/ inferior)

Anatomy (33 decks)

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