Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > UNIT 2: pleura/ mediastinum > Flashcards

UNIT 2: pleura/ mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pleural sac?

A

two continous membranes (pleurae) that enclose the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the two parts of the pleura?

A

visceral: pulmonary pleura = covers lung and surface
parietal: lines pulmonary cavities adhering to thoracic wall, mediastinum and diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the pleural sleeve?

A

area of continuity between visceral and parietal pleura which encloses the root of the lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what ligament do the pleurae form inferior to the root of the lung?

A

pulmonary ligament - extends between lung and mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the pleural cavity and what does it contain?

A

space between visceral and parietal pleura
- contains pleural fluid which lubricates surfaces allowing them to slide smoothly during respiration and also produce surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where is the endothoracic fascia found?

A

thin fibro-areolayer between internal thoracic cage and parietal pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how is the parietal pleura split?

A
  • costal (cervical)/ diaphragmatic/ mediastinal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the abrupt turns in parietal pleura called?

A

lines of pleural reflection

  • sternal line - between costal/ mediastinal
  • costal line - between costal/ diaphragmatic (anterior)
  • vertebral line- between costal/ diaphragmatic (posterior)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the mediastinum and what does it contain?

A

central compartment of thoracic cavity

- contains all thoracic viscera & structures except lungs and pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where does the mediastinum extend from?

A

superior thoracic aperture to diaphragm

sternum/ costal cartilages to bodies of thoracic vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does the mediastinum accommodate movement, volume and pressure changes in the thoracic cavity?

A

looseness of the connective tissue, elasticity of lungs and parietal pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how is the mediastinum divided?

A

superior/ inferior: anterior/ middle/ posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the boundaries of superior mediastinum?

A

anterior: manubrium
posterior: t1 to t4 (IV disc between t4/5)
superior: thoracic inlet
inferior: sternal angle - tranverse thoracic plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the contents of the superior mediastinum?

A 
Brachiocephalic veins
Arch of aorta/branches
Thymus
Superior vena cava
Thoracic duct
Esophagus
Nerves (vagus/ phrenic/recurrent laryngeal)
Trachea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the thymus and what is its role?

A

lymphoid organ in lower neck involved in immune system - producing T cells/ secreting thymosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the three parts of the thoracic aorta?

A

ascending
arch
descending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what arteries branch off from these tree parts?

A
  • ascending: coronary
  • arch: brachiocephalic trunk (right subclavian/ common carotid), left common carotid, left subclavian
  • posterior: posterior intercostal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe the passage of the subclavian artery

A
  • passes over upper surface of 1st rib and passes behind anterior scalene muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what arteries does the subclavian artery divide into before passing behind the scalenes

A
  • thyro-cervical
  • vertebral
  • internal thoracic
20
Q

where does the internal thoracic artery travel and what does it supply?

A
  • dome of pleura behind 1st costal cartilage and inside of chest wall lateral to sternum in front of the tranverse thoracic muscle
  • supplies anterior chest wall - its distal continuation (superior epigastric artery) supplies upper anterior abdominal wall
21
Q

what veins form the superior vena cava?

A

union of right/left brachiocephalic veins (in turn consist of subclavian and internal jugular vein

22
Q

where does the superior vena cava enter the heart an what structures does it return blood from?

A

into pericardial sac into right atrium of heart

- returns blood from all structures superior to diaphragm apart from lungs/heart

23
Q

what does the phrenic nerve supply? where can it be found?

A

motor/sensory innervation of diaphragm (c3, c4, 5)

in front of anterior scalene muscle/ behind subclavian vein

24
Q

what does the vagus nerve supply and what is its branch?

A

parasympathetic supply of all organs in thorax and abdomen

- branches off into recurrent laryngeal nerve which innervates the larynx, contributes to cardiac plexus

25
Q

what does the right vagus nerve contribute to?

A

pulmonary plexus and esophageal plexus

26
Q

what are the intercostal nerves?

A

direct continuation of anterior rami of spinal nerves which give motor innervation to intercostal msucles and sensory innervation to chest wall
- run into sympathetic trunk which runs alongside vertebral column from t1 to sacrum

27
Q

what does the middle mediastinum contain?

A

pericardium /heart- ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, SVC, arch of azygos vein and main bronchi

28
Q

what are the borders of the anterior mediastinum? (A/P/L/S/I)

A
  • anterior: body of sternum/ transverse thoracic muscles
  • posterior: pericardium
  • lateral: mediastinal pleura
  • superior: sternal angle (continuous with superior mediastinum) - tranverse thoracic plane
  • inferior: diaphragm
29
Q

what is the acronym to remember the contents of the anterior mediastinum?

A 
Bill
Loves
Long
Fat
Sausages
30
Q

what are the contents of the anterior mediastinum?

A
  • branches of the internal thoracic vessels
  • lymphatic vessels
  • lymph nodes
  • fat
  • sternopericardial ligaments
31
Q

what are the borders of the posterior mediastinum? (A/P/S/I/L)

A
  • anterior: pericardium
  • posterior: T5-T12
  • superior: tranverse thoracic plane
  • inferior: diaphragm
  • lateral: mediastinal pleura
32
Q

what are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?

A 
Descending aorta
Azygos  and hemiazygos veins
Thoracic duct
Esophagus/ plexus
Symphathetic trunk/ganglia
33
Q

what is the acronym for remembering the branches of the descending aorta

A 
Betty
Eats
Margherita
Pizza
Placed  In 
Side
Salad
34
Q

what are the branches of the descending aorta?

A 
bronchial
esophageal
mediastinal
pericardial
posterior intercostal
subcostal
superior phrenic arteries
35
Q

what do the mediastinal branches of the descending aorta supply?

A

lymph nodes and other tissues

36
Q

what region of the oesophagus do the esophageal branches supply?

A

middle third

37
Q

how many pairs of posterior intercostal arteries are there and where do they run?

A

9 pairs

3rd to 11th intercostal spaces

38
Q

where do the superior phrenic arteries run and what do they join?

A

thoracic side of diaphragm - join with musculophrenic/ pericardiophrenic branches of internal thoracic artery

39
Q

where does the thoracic duct lie? origin/ termination

A

bodies of inferior seven thoracic vertebrae
- originates from cisterna chyli and drains into the left venous angle (union between left internal thoracic/jugular vein)

40
Q

where does it receive lymph from and what structures does it drain?

A
  • drains back/ thoraco-abdominal and mediastinal viscera
  • receives lymph from collecting trunks in intercostal spaces and nearer to termination from jugular/ subclavian and bronchomediastinal veins
41
Q

what three structures is the oesophagus compressed by?

A
  • aortic arch
  • left main bronchus
  • diaphragm
42
Q

describe the passage of the oesophagus

A
  • down from superior mediastinum to posterior deviating to left and passes through esophageal hiatus into the diaphragm at level of t10 anterior to aorta
43
Q

what is the sympathetic trunk a continuation of?

A

cervical and lumbar trunks

44
Q

where does the sympathetic trunk lie?

A

superior: heads of ribs
mid thoracic: costovertebral joints
inferior: sides of ribs

45
Q

what are the names of the nerves at the lower end of the sympathetic trunk? and what do they supply?

A

lower thoracic sphlanic nerves (greater,lesser, least)

- supply viscera inferior to diaphragm

Anatomy (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions