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MSK > Anatomy of Upper LImb > Flashcards

Anatomy of Upper LImb Flashcards

1
Q

describe the finger joints

A

hinge like

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2
Q

describe MCP joints

A

condyloid like - can go round in a circle

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3
Q

what is the 1st carpometacarpal joint?

A

saddle joint
base of thumb
gives 90 degree rotation

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4
Q

what is the plane for flexion and extension of thumb?

A 
flexion = moving it tight towards the fingers
extension = thumbs up
abduction = thumbs pointing upwards when palms flat
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5
Q

what are the 3 axio-appendicular muscles which attach the upper limb to the axial skeleton?

A

trapezius
serratus anterior
rhomboid major
rhomboid minor

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6
Q

what is the function of the trapezius?

A

tilts and turns the head and neck
shrugs and steadies the shoulders
twists the arms

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7
Q

what is the function of the serratus anterior and what can it cause if defective?

A

protracts the scapula
pulls the medial border of the scapula forwards
can cause winged scapula if defective

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8
Q

what is the function of rhomboid muscles?

A

retract the scapula

elevate medial border of scapula

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9
Q

what innervates each axio-appendicular muscle?

A

trapezius = CN XI
serratus anterior = long thoracic nerve
Rhomboid major and minor = dorsal scapula nerve

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10
Q

what is the levator scapulae? where is it and what innervates it?

A

type of axio-appendicular muscle
attaches from upper medial scapula to upper cervical vertebrae
innervated by dorsal scapula nerve

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11
Q

what does the rotator cuff do?

A

stabilises the humoral head

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12
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A 
SITS
Supraspinatous
Infraspinatous
Teres minor
Subscapularis
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13
Q

where do the rotator cuff muscels attach?

A

supraspinatous, infraspinatous and teres minor attach to greater suberosity
S attaches to lesser tuberosity

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14
Q

what is responsible for the first 15 degree of abduction?

A

supraspinatous

then deltoid

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15
Q

what is responsible for the first 15 degree of abduction?

A

supraspinatous

then deltoid

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16
Q

which muscle is usually affected in rotator cuff tear?

A

supraspinatous

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17
Q

lateral rotators?

A

infraspinatous and teres minor

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18
Q

medial rotator?

A

subscapularis

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19
Q

describe glenoid fossa

A

only holds 1/3 of humeral head

gives more mobility and less stability

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20
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the anterior arm?

A

biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
BBC

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21
Q

what innervates the muscles of the anterior arm?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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22
Q

what are the functions of biceps brachii?

A

flexes arm and forearm and supinates

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23
Q

what is the function of the brachialis?

A

flexes the forearm

24
Q

what is the function of the coracobrachialis?

A

flexion and adduction of the arm

25
Q

what is the muscle of the posterior arm?

A

triceps brachii

26
Q

what is the function of the triceps brachii?

A

extension of the arm and the forearm

27
Q

what nerve innervates the triceps brachii?

A

radial nerve

28
Q

what are the 4 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm from lateral to medial?

A 
pronator teres
flexor carpi
radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
29
Q

intermediate muscle of anterior forearm?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

30
Q

where does digitorum superficialis attach?

A

attaches to proximal phalanges

31
Q

what are the deep muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

flexor pollicus longus
flexor digitorum profundus
pronator quadratus

32
Q

what are the actions of the anterior forearm muscles?

A

flex the wrist and digits

pronation, abduction and adduction of the wrist

33
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

all the median nerve except the flexor carpi radialis and the medial half of the flexor digitorum superficialis

34
Q

what 2 nerves are supplied by the spinal accessory nerve?

A

trapezius

sternocleidomastoid

35
Q

which bone moves in pronation/supination?

A

radius moves over ulnar

36
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the posterior forearm?

A
  • brachioradialis
  • aconeus
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor digotorum
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • extensor digiti minimi
37
Q

what are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?

A
  • supinator
  • abductor pollicus longus
  • extenson pollicus longus
  • extensor pollicus brevis
  • extensor indicis
38
Q

what are the regions of the hand?

A

thenar (thumb base)
hypothenar (pinky finger base)
middle bit of palm

39
Q

what are the 3 muscles in the thenar region of the hand?

A

abductor pollicus brevis
flexor pollicus brevis
opponens pollicis

40
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of the thenar region of the hand?

A

recurrent branch of the median nerve

41
Q

which region of the hand is affected by carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

thenar

42
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the hypothenar region of the hand?

A

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi brevis
opponens digiti minimi

43
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of the hypothenar region of the hand?

A

deep branch of the ulnar nerve

44
Q

where do the lumbrical muscles attach?

A

tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

45
Q

how are the lumbricals innervated?

A

lateral 2 = median nerve

medial 2 = ulnar nerve

46
Q

what are the 2 groups of interossei muscles in the hand and what do they do?

A

dorsal interossei - abduction of the digits (DAB)

palmar interossei - adduction of the digits (PAD)

47
Q

what nerve innervates the interossei muscles?

A

ulnar

48
Q

from what nerves does the brachial plexus originate?

A

C5-T1

49
Q

what is the overall path of the brachial plexus?

A

passes through the axilla to the medial arm

cords travel around the brachial artery

50
Q

name the 5 regions of the brachial plexus from proximal to distal (Really Tired Drink Coffee Now)

A 
roots
trunk
divisions
cords
nerves
51
Q

what are the 5 nerves which emerge from the brachial plexus?

A 
musculo-cutaneous
axillary
radial
median
ulnar
52
Q

what are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus?

A

lateral
posterior
medial

53
Q

what forms the carpal tunnel?

A

flexor retinaculum

carpals

54
Q

what are the contents of the carpal tunnel (10)?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis X4
flexor digitorum profundus X4
Flexor pollicus longus X1
median nerve

55
Q

what is carpal tunnel syndrome and what does it cause?

A

compression of the median nerve

causes weakness in thenar muscles and numbness in digits 1-3 and lateral half of 4th digit

MSK (66 decks)

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