Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Clinical Anatomy of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

Clinical Anatomy of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton?

A

clavicle via sternoclavicular joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

stability in the hip vs shoulder joint?

A 
hip = most stability from the boney joint as the acetabulum is deep so soft tissues not as important
shoulder = glenoid fossa is very shallow and unstable so soft tissues largely responsible for stability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a sprung shoulder?

A

rupture of the coracoclavicular ligaments

causes clavicle to spring up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do the coracoclavicular ligaments do?

A

keep clavicle in line with the acromion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the trapezius do?

A

elevates scapula and depresses scapula

retracts scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where does the trapezius originate and insert and what nerve innervates it?

A

origin = spinous processes (up to T12)
insertion = occiput, spine of scapula
innervated by CNXI (spinal accessory nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

list 3 possible problems with the glenohumeral joint?

A

OA/RA
dislocation
adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the function of the labrum?

A

increases capture of the humeral head, increasing stabillity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how can the labrum be injured?

A

tears

often from throwing injury or humeral head dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 2 types of labrum tear?

A

SLAP tear = where biceps tendon anchors to the labrum

BANKART tear = inferior anterior labral tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A

supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor
subscapularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do the rotator cuff muscles do?

A

stabilise the shoulder girdle

move the arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the function of the supraspinatous?

A

abducts arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where does the supraspinatous originate and insert and what nerve innervates it?

A

origin = supraspinatous fossa
insertion = greater tuberosity of humerus
innervated by subscapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of the infraspinatous?

A

externally rotates the arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where does the infraspinatous originate and insert and what nerve innervates it?

A

origin = infraspinatous fossa
insertion = greater tuberosity of humerus
innerated by suprascapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the teres minor do?

A

externally rotates the arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

where does the teres minor originate and insert and what nerve innervates it?

A

origin = dorsal surface of lateral border of scapula
insertion = greater tuberosity of humerus
innervated by axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does the subscapularis do?

A

internally rotates the arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where does the subscapularis originate and insert and what nerve innervates it?

A

origin = anterior surface of scapula
insertion = lesser tuberosity of humerus/shoulder capsule
innervated by upper and lower subscapular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the rotator cuff muscles susceptible to?

A

tears

impingement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does the deltoid do?

A

abducts the arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

where does the deltoid originate and insert and what nerve innervates it?

A

origin = clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
insertion = deltoid tuberosity on lateral aspect of humerus
innervated by axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what does the biceps brachii do?

A

flexes elbow

supinates the forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

where does the originate and insert and what nerve innervates it?

A

long head =

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

…..

A

….

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

where is the radial head always found?

A

laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the elbow susceptible to?

A

OA/RA
dislocation
olecranon fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the radial head/neck susceptible to?

A

fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the most common type of dislocation of the elbow?

A

ulna moves posteriorly
can usually be reduced in A&E
often occurs with fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

why must you X ray for a dislocated elbow?

A

theres often a fracture present so if you reduce elbow onto a fractured elbow it will not be congruent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what elbow injury is common in children?

A

supracondylar fracture

33
Q

what bursa is commonly inflamed?

A

olecranon bursa

susceptible to bursitis

34
Q

what are the 3 groups of ligaments in the elbow?

A

medial collaterals
lateral collateral
annular ligaments (over radial head)

35
Q

what are elbow ligaments susceptible to?

A

tears

strains

36
Q

what is the function of the lateral epicondyle of the elbow?

A

site of insertion for all the extensor muscles of the forearm
(extensor compartment known as the dorsal compartment)

37
Q

what is the lateral epicondyle susceptible to?

A

enthesiopathies (lateral epicondylitis) - tennis elbow

38
Q

what does the medial epicondyle do?

A

site on insertion of all flexor muscles of forearm (volar compartment)

39
Q

what is the medial compartment susceptible to?

A

enthesiopathies (medial epicondylitis)

40
Q

what are the ends of the radius and ulna which articulate with the carpal bones called?

A 
radius = radial styloid
ulna = ulnar head? and styloid
41
Q

what are the proximal row of carpal bones?

A

scaphoid (navicular)
lunate
triquetrum?
pisiform

42
Q

remember hand bones?

A 
some
lovers
try 
positions
that
they 
cannot 
handle
43
Q

what are the bones of the distal row?

A

trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

44
Q

what are the 3 ligaments of the wrist?

A

TFCC
scapho-lunate ligament
DRUJ

45
Q

what is colles fracture?

A

distal radius fracture
extra articular
dorsally displaced
“dinner fork deformity”

46
Q

blood supply to the scaphoid?

A

retrograde (same as femoral head)

- supply doubles back on itself

47
Q

what does the retrograde blood supply to the scaphoid bone predispose it to?

A

avascular necrosis

48
Q

how is a scaphoid fracture examined clinically?

A

feel in anatomical snuff box while ulna deviated

49
Q

how does the thumb differ to the other phalanges?

A

doesn’t have an intermediate phalange

50
Q

what are the 2 groups of muscles of the hand?

A

intrinsic (all within the hand)

extrinsic (muscle body outside the hand)

51
Q

what does each group of muscles do?

A 
intrinsic = fine motor function of hand
extrinsic = finger flexion and extension and wrist movements
52
Q

what are the groups of intrinsic muscles?

A

thenar
hypothenar
interossei
lumbricals

53
Q

what are the 3 thenar muscles and what do they do?

A

opponens pollicis
flexor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis brevis
move the thumb

54
Q

what nerve innervates the thenar muscles?

A

median nerve

55
Q

what is the main hypothenar muscle and what does it do?

A

abductor digiti minimi

moves the little finger

56
Q

what nerve innervates the abductor digiti minimi>

A

ulnar nerve

57
Q

what are the 2 groups of interoddei muscles and what do they do?

A

dorsal (X4) = abducts the fingers (DAB)

palmar (X3) = adducts the fingers (PAD)

58
Q

what nerve innervates the interossei muscles?

A

ulnar nerve

59
Q

what do the interossei muscles do?

A

move fingers

flex at MCP joints and extend at IP joints

60
Q

what do the lumbrical muscles do?

A

one for each finger (4)

crucial to finger movement and link flexor and extensor tendons

61
Q

what nerves innervates the lumbrical muscles?

A

lateral 2 = median

medial 2 = ulnar

62
Q

what are the 2 groups of extrinsic muscles?

A

flexor tendons

flexor pulleys

63
Q

what are the 2 flexor tendons?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

flexor digitorum profundus

64
Q

where is the flexor digitorum superficialis and what does it do?

A

passes through carpal tunnel

flexes fingers at the proximal IP joints

65
Q

what nerve innervates the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

median nerve

66
Q

where is the flexor digitorum profundus and what does it do?

A

passes through carpal tunnel underneath flexor digitorum superficialis
flexes fingers at DIP joints

67
Q

what nerve innervates the flexor digitorum profundus?

A 
median nerve (2nd and 3rd digits)
ulnar nerve (4th and 5th digits)
68
Q

what are the flexor pulleys?

A

annular ligaments

cruciate pulleys

69
Q

….

A

….

70
Q

….

A

…

71
Q

….

A

…

72
Q

…

A

…

73
Q

…..

A

….

74
Q

….

A

…..

75
Q

what does the palmar fascia do?

A

separates the palmar muscle bellies and flexor tendons from the skin

76
Q

what is the palmar fascia susceptible to?

A

hypertrophy and fibrosis (dupuytrens contracture)

77
Q

describe the arterial supply to the hand

A

radial and ulnar arteries join to form superficial palmar arch which give common digital arteries which branch to give ulnar (medial) and radial (lateral) digital arteries in each digit

78
Q

what are the 3 peripheral nerves of the hand?

A 
median
ulnar
radial
supply the extrinsic +/- intrinsic muscles of/affecting the hands
supply cutaneous sensation

MSK (66 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions