Dissection 5

Question 1

what separates the medial and lateral femoral condyles?

Answer 1

intercondylar fossa

Question 2

what attaches in the intercondylar fossa?

Answer 2

ACL and PCL

Question 3

where are the femoral epicondyles?

Answer 3

above the femoral condyles

Question 4

where do the collateral ligaments attach?

Answer 4

medial and lateral femoral epicondyles

Question 5

where does the patella sit?

Answer 5

anterior groove of the femur

Question 6

what is actually articulating at the knee joint?

Answer 6

medial/lateral femoral and tibial condyles

Question 7

what is the space between the medial and lateral tibial condyles?

Answer 7

intercondylar region

Question 8

what attaches in the intercondylar region?

Answer 8

ACL
PCL
minisci

Question 9

what is the tibial articular surface called?

Answer 9

tibial plateau

Question 10

what are menisci?

Answer 10

crescent shaped fibrocartilage which sit either side of the intercondylar eminence

Question 11

what do the menisci do?

Answer 11

act as shock absorbers

Question 12

what connects the medial and lateral menisci?

Answer 12

transverse ligament

Question 13

what are the 3 ligaments of the knee?

Answer 13

collaterals
cruciates
patellar

Question 14

what do the medial and lateral cruciate ligaments do?

Answer 14

reinforce the knee either side

Question 15

where does the medial collateral ligament attach and insert?

Answer 15

attaches at medial epicondyle of femur

inserts at the tibia - above insertion of the sartorius, gracilis and semitendinus)

Question 16

where does the lateral collateral ligament attach and insert?

Answer 16

attaches at lateral femoral epicondyle

inserts at lateral head of fibula

Question 17

where are the cruciate ligaments found?

Answer 17

cross over in intercondylar fossa

Question 18

where does the PCL attach and insert?

Answer 18

attaches at medial femoral condyle (lateral surface)
inserts at posterior intercondylar region
almost vertical

Question 19

where does the ACL attach and insert?

Answer 19

attaches at lateral femoral condyle (medial surface)

inserts at anterior intercondylar region

Question 20

what do the ACL and PCL do?

Answer 20

ACL prevents anterior movement of tibia

PCL prevents posterior movement of tibia

Question 21

what is the patella ligament?

Answer 21

continuous with quadriceps tendon

Question 22

where does the patella ligament attach and insert?

Answer 22

attaches at patella

inserts at tibial tuberosity

Question 23

what are the 2 layers of the knee joint capsule?

Answer 23

synovial
fibrous
synovial lines fibrous

Question 24

what 3 structures contribute to the fibrous capsule?

Answer 24

patella ligament
medial and lateral collaterals
quadriceps tendon

Question 25

where does the fibular bursur sit?

Answer 25

beneath the lateral collateral

Question 26

what forms bursae?

Answer 26

folds of synovial capsule

Question 27

where does the subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa sit?

Answer 27

superficial fascia, inferior to the patella and superficial to the patellar ligament.

Question 28

where does the prepatellar bursa sit?

Answer 28

superficial to patella

Question 29

where does the suprapatellar bursa sit?

Answer 29

between quadriceps tendon and femur

above patella

Question 30

are cruciates inside the joint cavity?

Answer 30

no

Question 31

where is the infrapatellar fat pad?

Answer 31

beneath patella, underneath patellar tendon

external to synovial membrane

Question 32

what nerve supplies the anterior muscles of the leg?

Answer 32

deep branch of the common fibular branch of the sciatic nerve

Question 33

what are the 4 muscles of the anterior leg?

Answer 33

tibialis anterior
extensor hallicus longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius

Question 34

what are the 3 actions of the anterior leg muscles?

Answer 34

dorsiflexion
extend the toes
invert the foot

Question 35

where does the tibialis anterior attach and insert?

Answer 35

attaches at lateral tibia and interosseous membrane

inserts at medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal

Question 36

where is the tibialis anterior?

Answer 36

most medial and superficial

Question 37

where does the extensor hallicus longus attach and insert?

Answer 37

attaches at the interosseous membrane

inserts at the distal and medial phalange of big toe

Question 38

where is the extensor hallicus longus?

Answer 38

between tibialis anterior and digitorum longus

goes down leg and crosses medially over the foot

Question 39

where does the extensor digitorum longus attach and insert?

Answer 39

attaches at medial proximal fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
splits into 4 tendons which attach at the 4 phalanges

Question 40

where is the digitorum longus?

Answer 40

bigger than and more superficial to hallicus longus

Question 41

where does the fibularis tertius attach and insert?

Answer 41

attaches at medial surface of fibula
inserts at base of 5th metatarsal
can join with digitorum longus

Question 42

what holds the extensor muscles in place?

Answer 42

extensor retinaculum

Question 43

what are the 2 lateral muscles of the leg?

Answer 43

fibularis longus

fibualris brevis

Question 44

where does the fibularis longus attach and insert?

Answer 44

lateral fibula head

inserts at distal medial cuneiforma and 1st metatarsal

Question 45

where is the fibularis longus?

Answer 45

goes behind lateral malleolus and under the foot

Question 46

where does the fibularis brevis attach and insert?

Answer 46

attaches at lower fibula shaft

inserts at base of 5th metatarsal

Question 47

where is the fibularis brevis?

Answer 47

deep to fibularis longus

tendon winds around the lateral malleolus

Question 48

what do the lateral leg muscles do?

Answer 48

evert the foot

partly dorsiflex