Dissection 10

Question 1

what are the bones of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 1

clavicle
scapula
humerus?

Question 2

what is the joint between the clavicle and the scapula called and what type of joint is it?

Answer 2

acromioclavicular joint

plane joint

Question 3

what is the joint between the humerus and the scapula?

Answer 3

glenohumeral joint

synovial ball and socket joint

Question 4

what is the joint between the sternum and the clavicle called and what type of joint is it?

Answer 4

sternoclavicular joint

saddle joint

Question 5

what are the 3 axio-appendicular muscles?

Answer 5

trapezius
serratus anterior
rhomboid minor and major

Question 6

where does the trapezius originate and attach?

Answer 6

spine of the scapula

attaches all the way down from the occipital bone down the spine

Question 7

what nerve innervates the trapezius muscle?

Answer 7

CNXI

spinal accessory nerve

Question 8

where does the serratus anterior originate and insert?

Answer 8

runs between posterior lateral side of scapula around torso and attaches on the ribs

Question 9

where do the rhomboid muscles attach and insert?

Answer 9

runs between medial posterior scapula and cervical/thoracic spine

Question 10

where is the rhomboid minor in relation to the rhomboid major?

Answer 10

sits directly above it

Question 11

where does the levator scapulae attach and insert?

Answer 11

runs between the upper medial scapula and upper cervical scapula

Question 12

what are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?

Answer 12

supraspinatous
infraspinatous
teres minor
subscapularis

Question 13

where do the rotator cuff muscles attach?

Answer 13

supraspinatous, infraspinatous and teres minor attach at the greater tuberosity of the femur
subscapularis attaches at the lesser tuberosity of the humerus

Question 14

describe where the rotator cuff muscles sit around the scapula?

Answer 14

subscapularis = anterior surface
supraspinatous = posterior surface, above the spine
infraspinatous = posterior surface, below the spine

Question 15

what do the rotator cuff muscles do?

Answer 15

hold the head of the humerous in the glenoid fossa (only 1/3 in contact at one time)

Question 16

from what nerves does the brachial plexus originate?

Answer 16

anterior rami of C5-T1

Question 17

what forms the roof of the shoulder?

Answer 17

the acromion of the scapula

Question 18

what is the scapulothoracic joint?

Answer 18

false joint where the scapula glides over the ribs

Question 19

what forms the joint capsule in the shoulder?

Answer 19

group of ligaments that connect the humerus to the glenoid

Question 20

what is the main source of stability in the shoulder?

Answer 20

joint capsule ligaments

Question 21

what other ligaments exist in the shoulder?

Answer 21

acomioclavicular ligaments
coracoclavicular ligaments
glenois labrum

Question 22

what is the glenoid labrum?

Answer 22

fibrocartilaginous ligament attached completely within the edge of the glenoid fossa forming a rim around the fossa

Question 23

what does the glenoid labrum do?

Answer 23

creates a deeper cup for the humerus to sit in

where the biceps tendon attaches to the glenoid

Question 24

what is the largest/strongest muscles of the shoulder?

Answer 24

deltoid

Question 25

where does the deltoid muscle attach and insert?

Answer 25

between the spine of the scapula and the deltoid tuberosity on the shaft of the humerus (travels over the shoulder)

Question 26

what 3 main nerves originate at the shoulder and where do they come from?

Answer 26

radial
ulnar
medial
branches of the brachial plexus

Question 27

what nerve loops around the back of the shoulder and what does it do?

Answer 27

axillary nerve

supplies sensation to a small area of skin outside the shoulder and motor signals to the deltoid

Question 28

what artery travels through the shoulder/axilla?

Answer 28

axillary artery

Question 29

where is the shoulder joint capsule?

Answer 29

glenoid fossa to the anatomical neck of the humerus

Question 30

what are the 2 layers of the shoulder joint capsule?

Answer 30

synovial (internal)

fibrous (external)

Question 31

what forms bursae and what do they do?

Answer 31

protrusions of synovial layer of joint capsule into fibrous layer
serve to reduce friction in the joint

Question 32

what are the main 6 ligaments which stabilise and strengthen the shoulder?

Answer 32

glenohumeral ligament (superior, middle and inferior) = front of joint capsule
transverse humeral ligament = between the 2 tuberosities
coracohumeral ligement = from coracoid process to greater tuberosity of humerus
coracoacromial ligament = from acromium to coracoid process

Question 33

where is the teres minor?

Answer 33

below the infraspinatous

Question 34

where is the coracobrachialis?

Answer 34

originates on the coracoid process and inserts on the humeral shaft

Question 35

where is the latissimus dorsi muscle?

Answer 35

originates at the crest of the lesser tuberosity of the humerus

Question 36

where does the pectoralis originate?

Answer 36

crest of greater tuberosity of humerus

Question 37

what are the 5 bursae in the shoulder?

Answer 37

subacromial
subdeltoid
subcoracoid
subtendinous of subscapularis
intertubercular synovial sac

Question 38

what are the branches of the axillary artery which supply the shoulder?

Answer 38

anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

Question 39

what other vessel contributes to the shoulder blood supply?

Answer 39

suprascapular artery

Question 40

what nerves supply the shoulder and where do they come from?

Answer 40

axillary nerve and suprascapular nerve
axillary = from brachial plexus
subscapularis = union of C5 and C6