Respiratory 2

Question 1

What commensals are often isolated in cases of shipping feverr?

Answer 1

Mannheimia haemolytica 
Pasturella multocida 
Histophilus somni 
Mycoplasma bovis 
Trueperella pyogenes

Question 2

What is another name for shipping fever?

Answer 2

Bovine pneumonic pasturellosis.

Question 3

Clinical signs of shipping fever?

Answer 3

Depression, anorexia
Fever
Nasal discharge
Soft, moist cough

Following stressful episode

Question 4

Why is there a high mortality assoicated with shipping fever?

Answer 4

Bronchial obstruction with fibrinous exudates

Survivors will have irreversible lung damage —> chronic poor doers

Question 5

Main lesions caused by mannheimia haemolytica ?

Answer 5

Dark reddish-black to grayish brown cranioventral lung lobes with marked distention fo interlobular septae by gelatinous yellow fluid

“Hepatization” — appears like liver

Question 6

What is the second most common pathogen assoicated iwth shipping fever?

Answer 6

Pasturella multocida

Question 7

T/F: pasturella is zoonotic

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What type of bronchopneumonia does pasteurella multocida cause?

Answer 8

Fibrinopurulent

More chronic than M. Haemolytica
More of a pus former

Question 9

Common presentation of a PM exam of a cow with pasturella multocidia infection?

Answer 9

Multiple coalescing abscesses

Fibrinopurulent

Question 10

What can you use to treat pasturella multocidia?

Answer 10

Any antibiotic that has gram neg spectrum and is labelled for used in the species and production class

Adjunct—NSAIDS, corticosteroids, and vit C

Question 11

Histophilus somi causes mutlisystemic diseases, what are conditions associated with this bacteria?

Answer 11

Bronchopneumonia 
Thromboembolic menigioencephalitis (TEME) 
Necrotic laryngitis 
Myocarditis 
Arthritis 
Otitis and conjunctivitis 
Myelitis 
Mastitis 
Myositis 
Abortion and other repro disorders

Question 12

What is the most common manifestation of histophilus somi in lightweight calves?

Answer 12

Bronchopneumonia

Known to produce excess fibrin on pleural surface

Question 13

What is the most important virulence factor for histophilus somni?

Answer 13

Intracellular survival and replication

Question 14

T/F: there is no vaccine for histophilus somni

Answer 14

False

They are available in combination with other BRD antigens

Question 15

What two species of mycoplasma have been reported as significant agents in bovine respiratory disease?

Answer 15

Mycoplasma dispar — pneumonia is often seen shortly after grouping dairy calves that have been raised individually

Mycoplasma bovis —more severe presentations

Question 16

What type of pneumonia does mycoplasma cause?

Answer 16

Lobar bronchopneumonia

With severe peribronchial cuffing, primarily in highly stressed young calves

Question 17

What is a characteristic presentation with M bovis ?

Answer 17

Pneumonia - arthritis syndrome

Calves present with upper resp signs at 2-4 weeks and some with polyarthritis and tenosynoviitis
Can have otitis media

Question 18

Lesions on necropsy of a cow..

Suppurative bronchopneumonia
Edematous septa and pleuritis

Coagulative necrosis present as a purulent center arising from an affected bronchiole, surrounded by histiocytic and mononuclear infiltrate with minimal encapsulation

Top DDX?

Answer 18

Mycoplasma bovis

Question 19

How can you confirm diagnosis of mycoplasma bovis?

Answer 19

Immunohistochemistry gold standard

PCR — use with caution because a low level of M bovis can be insignificant

Question 20

Treatment of mycoplasma bovis?

Answer 20

Resflor
Nuflor
Draxxin
Baytril

Question 21

What is the pathophysiology of acute bovine pulmonary emphysema (ABPE)

Answer 21

Some inciting cause leads to local generation of free radicals in the lung —> injury and necrosis of type I pneumocytes —> acute exudative phase (edema and hyaline membrane) —> acute proliferation phase (hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes) —> chronic interstitial pneumonia (interstitial cell infiltrates, fibrosis, emphysema)

Question 22

Acute bovine pulmonary emphysema is AKA __________________?

Answer 22

Atypical interstitial pneumonia

Fog fever

Question 23

What is the EDx of fog fever?

Answer 23

I-tryptophan present in pasture —> metabolized in the rumen to 3-methylindole —> absorbed in bloodstream and carried to lungs

Causes extensive and selective necrosis of bronchiole cells
—> increase alveolar permeability, leading to edema, thickening of the alveolar interstitium, and alveolar interstitial emphysema

Purple mint, moldy sweet potatoes, stinkwood, rapeseed, and kale

Question 24

Clinical signs of fog fever?

Answer 24

Severe respiratory distress develops within 10days of the abrupt pasture change, and cattle develop expiratory dyspnea, oral breathing, and evidence of emphysema within the lungs and even SQ along the back.

Question 25

How can you help manage fog fever?

Answer 25

Allow younger animals to graze the pastures first

Feeding ionophores changes volatile fatty acid production —> reduce 3 methylindole production

Question 26

What lungworm is found in cattle?

Answer 26

Dictylocaulus viviparous

Question 27

What lesions does dictylocaulus viviparous cause?

Answer 27

Usually in the caudal lobes causing severe bronchial irritation, bronchitis, and pulmonary edema

Which is turn is responsible for lobular atelectasis and interstitial emphysema