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RUSVM LAM II > Poultry > Flashcards

Poultry Flashcards

1
Q

What breed of chicken are broilers?

A

White Plymouth Rock

—> heavy meat breed marketed 6-9weeks old and 4.5-5lbs

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2
Q

What breed of chicken are layers?

A

White leghorn

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3
Q

Why of chickens often de-beaked?

A

To prevent fighting

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4
Q

At how many weeks do layers begin laying?

A

20weeks

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5
Q

How many eggs can a layer hen produce per laying cycle?

A

250-300 eggs per cycle

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6
Q

How many cycles are layer chickens kept?

A

2 cycles (75weeks)

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7
Q

What occurs between egg laying cycles?

A

6 week forced molt

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8
Q

When does natural molting occur?

A

Fall

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9
Q

How can you force molt a chicken?

A

2-3weeks of dietary manipulation

Bodyweight drops 25%

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10
Q

What is good preventative medicine in layer facilites ?

A

Disease free chicks

Maximum hygiene

Biosecurity

Adequate nutrition

Vaccination programs

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11
Q

What commercial viral vaccines are available in chickens?

A 
Marek’s 
Newcastle 
Infectious bronchitis 
Infectious bursa disease 
Laryngiotraceitis
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12
Q

What type of vaccine is Marek’s disease vax?

A

In ovo vaccination

18 days incubation ideal time frame into amniotic sac

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13
Q

Where are sQ vaccines typically given?

A

Wing web

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14
Q

T/F: the large white turkey cannot breed on their own and must be artificially inseminated

A

True

Same as broad breasted white
Hollands white
Beltsville white

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15
Q

Juvenile turkeys are called?

A

Pouts

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16
Q

When are turkeys marketed?

A

Females 14weeks (14-16lbs)

Toms at 20 weeks (28-30lbs)

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17
Q

What is the most common skeletal deformity in chicks?

A

Rickets

— lack of Ca or vitD

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18
Q

Clinical signs of rickets?

A

Rubbery bones
Enlarged joints
Lameness
Bowing of legs

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19
Q

What is cage layer fatigue?

A

Osteoporosis/osteomalacia

Absorption of calcium leading to pathological fractures
Eggs become thin shelled and decrease hatchability

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20
Q

What can you supplement to birds suffering from cage layer fatigue?

A

Lacking Ca

Limestone or oyster shell

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21
Q

Syndrome often seen with layer fatigue ?

A

Fatty liver syndrome

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22
Q

What birds are affected by fatty liver syndrome?

A

High producer with high caloric intake

Obese hens with friable fatty livers
Aflatoxins in corn meal can exacerbate

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23
Q

A deficiency in ______ causes perosis (shortening and rotation of long bones) in young birds?

A

Manganese

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24
Q

What are the components of “slipped tendon” in chickens?

A

Manganese deficiency causes perosis

Gastroc tendon is displaced and hock joints swell

Chondrodystrophy

25
Q

A deficiency in VitE/selenium causes what disease in chickens/

A

Exudative diathesis (birds 5-11weeks)

White muscle disease (muscular dystrophy)

Crazy chick disease (encephalomalacia)

26
Q

What types of diets are deficiency in vitE?

A

Diets with rancid cod liver or soybean oil

Corn and soybean growth in selenium deficient soil

27
Q

Clinical signs of exudative diathesis?

A

Severe edema/ weeping of skin

Skin bruises and scabs easily

28
Q

Squamous metaplaisa of secretory epithelium
Hyperkeratosis
Ataxia, droopiness, swelling of eyes

Are all clinical signs of??

A

Vit A deficiency

29
Q

What are the B vitamins?

A 
Riboflavin 
Niacin 
Folic Acid 
Biotin 
Thiamin 
Cyanocobalmin
30
Q

What are clinical signs of niacin deficiency?

A

Swollen hocks, bowed legs, slipped gastrocnemius tendon

Bowed legs in ducklings
Perosis in goslings

31
Q

Clinical signs of riboflavin deficiency?

A

Curled toe paralysis
Stunting, diarrhea, enlargement of brachial and sciatic nerve sheaths

Parrot beak (chondrodytrophy)

Clubbed down— neck and vent feathers dont rupture sheaths

Poults — diarrhea and cessation of growth

32
Q

Treatment for riboflavin deficiency?

A

Autolyzed yeast or sodium riboflavin

33
Q

What type of virus is avian influenza?

A

Orthomyxovirus type A (RNA)

34
Q

What are the two forms of avian influenza?

A

High pathogenicity

Low pathogenicity

35
Q

What are the H and N of avian influenza?

A 
H = hemagglutinins 
N= neuroamididase
36
Q

Reservoir of avian influenza ?

A

Waterfowl and shorebirds

37
Q

What clinical signs do you see in the mild form of avian influenza

A

Tracheal, sinus, and airsac inflammation
GI problems
Ischemia of the combs and legs

38
Q

Clinical signs of fowl plague?

A

100% mortality
CNS, resp, and GI dz
Necrosis of skin, comb, wattles, and liver
Hemorrhagic

39
Q

What yep of virus is Newcastle dz?

A

Paramyxovirus type 1

40
Q

T/F: avian influenza and Newcastle are zoonotic

A

True

41
Q

What are the forms of Newcastle dz?

A

Lentogenic - endemic, few signs

Mesogenic -resp, CNS (torticollis) moderate mortality, endemic

Velogenic - short duration, rapid res, diarrhea, paralysis, acute mortality

Vicertorphic velogenic (reportable)

42
Q

What type of virus is infectous laryngiotrachitieis?

A

Herpesvirus

43
Q

T/F: infectous laryngotracheitis has high morbidity, high mortality

A

False

High morbidity
Low- moderate mortality

44
Q

Clinical signs associated with infectious laryngotracheitis ?

A

Resp distress, gasping, head shaking, gurgling

Tracheal hemorrhage, blood tinged exudates form mouth and nares

Caseous material in airways

45
Q

Resp distress, gasping, head shaking, gurgling

Tracheal hemorrhage, blood tinged exudates form mouth and nares

Caseous material in airways

DDX?

A

Infectous laryngotracheitis

Wet fowl pox

46
Q

What are the two forms of fowl pox?

A

Dry, cutaneous — wart like nodules around the face, eyes, comb, and wattles

Wet, diptheritic form — white nodules on oropharynx, larynx, and trachea (diptheritic membrane —> asphyxiates)

47
Q

What is the most economically important dz of turkeys?

A

Fowl cholera (pasteurella)

48
Q

Chickens with respiratory distress, cyanosis, green diarrhea, and acute death

Necrosis, swollen, parboiled liver, severe pneumonia, pericarditis, air sacculitis

Dx?

A

Fowl cholera - pasturella

49
Q

What do you see in the chronic form of pasturella?

A

Infection of wattles (caseous), snood, joints (caseous arthritis), torticollis

50
Q

What is coryza?

A

Catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose

51
Q

What agent causes infectious coryza?

A

Avibacterium (hemophilus) paragallinarum

52
Q

Clinical signs of coryza?

A 
Nasal discharge 
Conjunctivitis 
Adherence of the eyelids 
Facial edema 
Distention of intra-orbital sinus
53
Q

What mycoplasma sp affects chickens as a primary respiratory pathogen?

A

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

54
Q

What dz does mycoplasma meleagridis cause and in what sp?

A

Blackhead in turkey

Air sacculitis in turkeys too

Venereal transmission, localized in cloaca and phallus

55
Q

What causes avian infectious bronchitis?

A

Chlamydiosis

56
Q

Clinical signs of avian infectious bronchitis?

A

Abnormal eggs with respiratory signs

Gassing, sneezing, coughing, cheesy exudate at tracheal bifurcation causes asphyxia and dyspnea

57
Q

What does apergillus cause in chicks?

A

Brooder pneumonia

Air sac granulomas

58
Q

How does an egg appear when infected with aspergillus?

A

Embryo will have green colour when candled

RUSVM LAM II (22 decks)

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