Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3 OBS AND GYNAE > Pathology of Uterus > Flashcards

Pathology of Uterus Flashcards

1
Q

List stages of the ovarian cycle

A

Follicular phase
Ovulation
Luteal phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List stages of the uterine cycle

A

Menstrual phase
Proliferative phase
Secretory phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List pathological features of the uterus in the proliferative phase. Which harmone is involved in this process?

A

Tubular glands with columnar cells and surrounding dense stroma are proliferating to build up the endometrium following shedding with previous menstruation
Oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List pathological features of the uterus in the secretory phase. Which harmone is involved in this process?

A

Large torturous glands with luminal secretions

Prgoesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List indications for endometrial biopsy

A 
Abnormal uterine bleeding
Investigation for infertility
Spontaneous and therapeutic abortion
Endometrical cancer screening
Response to harmonal therapy
Endometrial ablation
Prior to hysterectomy
Thickened endometrium on scan
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

Abnormal uterine bleeding that reflects disruption in normal cyclic pattern of ovulatory harmonal stimulation to the uterine lining with no organic cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is post-menopausal bleeding?

A

Abnormal uterine bleeding > 1 year after cessation of menstruation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescence and early reproductive life

A

DUB
Pregnancy/ miscarriage
Endometritis
Bleeding disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the commonest cause of DUB? How does this appear pathologically?

A

Anovulatory cycles
End of reproductive life and corpus luteum doesn’t form causinginsufficient progesterone and continued growth of functionalis layer
Disordered proliferation - glands and stroma continue to grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List ADDITIONAL causes of abnormal uterine bleeding pre-menopause and reproductive life

A 
Endometrial/endocervical polyp
Leiomyoma
Adenomyosis
Hyperplasia
Exogenous harmone effects
(DUB
Pregnancy/ miscarriage
Endometritis
Bleeding disorders)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List causes of abnormal uterine bleeding post-menopause

A 
Atrophy
Endometrial polyp
Exogenous harmones (HRT, tamoxifen)
Endometritis
Bleeding disorders
Hyperplasia/ endometrial carcinoma/sarcoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List the three main methods of assessing the endometrium

A

Endometrial biopsy
TVUS
Hysteroscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

An endometrial thickness of >__mm in postmenopausal women (__mm in premenopausal) is the indication for endometrial biopsy

A

4

16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

State the main methods for sampling the endometrium

A

Endometrial pipette

Dilatation + curettage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give examples of conditions causing anovulatory cycles and DUB

A

PCOS
Hypothalamic dysfunction
Thyroid disorders
Hyperprolactinaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List organic causes of abnormal uterine bleeding affecting the endometrium

A

Endometritis
Polyp
Miscarriage

17
Q

List organic causes of abnormal uterine bleeding affecting the myometrium

A

Adenomyosis

Leiomyoma

18
Q

What is endometritis?

A

Abnormal pattern of inflammatory cells in the endometrium of the uterus typically due to ascending infection bypassing the cervical plug (or invasive procedure or insertion of contraceptive device)

19
Q

Chronic endometritis is related to which inflammatory condition?

A

PID

20
Q

What are endometrial polyps? How do they present?

A

Benign mass in the inner lining of the uterus

Usually asymptomatic, or bleeding, discharge around menopause

21
Q

List the pathological features present in the products of conception of miscarriage

A

Foetal red blood cells

Chorionic villi

22
Q

What is a molar pregnancy? What are the main pathological features?

A

A form of gestational trophoblastic disease - an abnormal pregnancy in which a non-viable fertilised egg implants in the uterus
Abnormal proliferating trophoblast
Chorionic villi

23
Q

What are the features of a partial molar pregnancy?

A

Egg fertilised by 1 or 2 sperm which reduplicates forming a triploid genotype (69XXY)
Both maternal and paternal DNA

24
Q

What are the features of a complete molar pregnancy?

A

Usually 1 sperm combining with an egg which has lost its DNA, sperm reduplicates forming a complete set of 46 chromosomes
Only paternal DNA

25
Q

Which type of molar pregnancy - complete or partial - has an increased risk of choriocarcinoma?

A

Complete molar pregnancy

26
Q

What is adenomyosis? How does it present? What are the main pathological features?

A

Endometritis in smooth muscle of the uterus causing menorrhagia/ dysmenorrhoea
Endometrial glands and stroma in myometrium

27
Q

What is leiomyoma? How does it present? What are the main pathological features?

A

Benign oestrogen-dependant tumour of smooth muscle which can exist in and distort the uterine cavity
Menorrhagia, infertility, mass effect, pain
Interlacing smooth muscle cells

Y3 OBS AND GYNAE (44 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions