Breast Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

When is breast imaging needed?

A
Symptomatic patients:
Lumps
Bloody nipple discharge
Skin tethering
Signs of inflammation
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2
Q

What is the 1st line breast imaging tool in a patient under 40?

A

Ultrasound

More dense breasts, mostly fibroglandular tissue

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3
Q

What is the 1st line breast imaging tool in a patient over 40?

A

Mammography +/- ultrasound

More fatty breasts

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4
Q

Mammography is a type of XRAY. True/False?

A

True

Low-dose XRAY that maximises contrast between breast tissue with minimal radiation

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5
Q

List they types of mammography

A

Normal mammogram
Tomosynthesis 3D mammogram to show density
Constrast-enhanced mammogram using IV iodine

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6
Q

What are the 2 main views/planes in which a mammogram is taken?

A

Mediolateral oblique

Craniocaudal

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7
Q

How does the distribution of benign lesions differ to malignant lesions on mammogram?

A

Benign: scattered or diffuse
Malignant: clustered or segmental

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8
Q

Why can ultrasound be helpful following a mammogram?

A

Characterises findings - differentiates cysts from solid lesions

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9
Q

Describe the appearance of benign nodules on breast ultrasound

A

Circumscribed
Wider than tall
Homogeneous
Often multiple

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10
Q

Describe the appearance of malignant nodules on breast ultrasound

A

Poorly circumscribed
Taller than wide
Heterogeneous
Often single

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11
Q

What is ultrasound elastography?

A

Ultrasound with “palpation” - assess whether a lesion is soft or hard

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12
Q

Why is MRI sometimes used for imaging breasts?

A

Good intrinsic tissue contrast
No ionising radiation
Accuracy independent of tissue density (mammogram less sensitive in dense breasts)

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13
Q

List indications of using MRI for imaging breasts

A

Muscle involvement
FHx screening e.g. BRCA
After neoadjuvant chemotherapy

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14
Q

What imaging is appropriate in locally advanced or recurrent breast cancer to check for metastases?

A

CT chest abdo pelvis

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15
Q

List the commonest sites of breast cancer metastases

A
Lymph nodes
Liver
Lung 
Bone
Brain
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