Cervical Screening and Public Health Flashcards
What is the most common cancer in women under 35?
Cervical cancer
What is the purpose of cervical screening?
It can identify cell changes which may develop to be precancerous in women who otherwise have no symptoms
Diagnostic testing should be offered to women with symptoms. What are the symptoms of cervical cancer?
Unusual vaginal discharge/ bleeding
Bleeding after sex/ between periods
Dyspareunia
Outline the screening programme in Scotland for women according to their age
25-64yo: every 3 years
50-64yo: every 5 years
List the components of the cervical screening procedure
SPECULUM EXAM
Visual exam of cervix
Brush sample from transformation zone
Liquid based cytology
Low risk HPV virus presents as…
Genital warts
High risk HPV virus presents as…
Invasive cervical cancer
State the types of HPV that are the highest risk
16 and 18
The quadrivalent vaccine protects against which types of HPV? Who is it given to?
16, 18, 6, 11
Girls S1-S3, MSM <45
HPV vaccine protects against all types of cancers. True/ False?
False
Only protects against 30% of cancers - screening still essential
List the types of cancer obesity is a major risk factor for
Oesophagus Pancreas Gallbladder Bowel Breast Womb Kidney Ovary
Obesity is a major risk factor for many cancers. List other obstetric risks of obesity
Increased subfecundity Increased infertility Reduced effectiveness of IVF Increased risk of miscarriage Increased risk of pregnancy complications
List benefits of breastfeeding to the neonate
Helps to mature immune system Reduced infections and allergy Support growth of nerve tissue Reduced rates of diabetes and infant arthritis Reduced diarrhoea and constipation Easier on a baby's kidneys
What happens if a cervical smear is abnormal?
Referral for colposcopy
Why is acetic acid used in colpsocopy?
Abnormal areas such as CIN will tend to turn white (acetowhite), some areas of acetowhite do not indicate CIN at all
