Chapter 4 Flashcards
- Briefly explain what ya meant in behavioural sport psychology by an ABC analysis
Identify the antecedents and consequences of an operant behaviour is referred to as ABC analysis (assessment), In behavioural psychology. Antecedents, behaviour and consequence= ABC
- Define or describe each of the following and give a sport example of each.
- good stimulus control
- SD
- WSE
Good stimulus control- a strong correlation between the occurrence of a particular stimulus and the occurrence of a particular response. Good stimulus control develops as a result of a behaviour having been reinforced in the presence of a particular stimulus. An example could involve a golfer; if the putting green in flat the golfer knows to aim at the hole, because that that has worked in the past. However, if the green is slanted they know that if they aim at the hole they will miss the put, and they adjust accordingly.
SD-discriminating stimulus- if an event has been correlated with the availability of a reinforcer for a particular operant behaviour then that event will be called a discriminative stimulus for that response. It is a signal that a particular response will pay off. For example, the appearance of a flat green would be an SD- a cue that aiming the back at the hole would be reinforced by the golfer making the putt.
WSE- extinction stimulus- if an event has been correlated with extinction trials for a particular operant behaviour, then that event is called extinction stimulus (Se) for that response. It is a signal that a particular response will not pay off. For example, a golfer attempting to make a putt, the stimulus of a slopes green was an Se for the response if aiming at the hole; it was a cue that aiming at the whole would not pay off.
Define stimulus discrimination training and give an example that illustrates the procedure and the results
Stimulus discrimination training referee to a procedure of reinforcing a response in the presence of an add and extinguishing that response in the presence of an Se; and two results including: good stimulus control in that response consistently occurs to the Sf; and a stimulus discrimination in that the response occurs to the add and bit the Se.
Example: golfer learns to aim at the hole in a flat green but not in a sloped green. The sight of a flat green would be the Sd and would lead to a reinforcing behaviour (aiming at the hole). The sight of a slanted green would be the Se and lead to extinguishing that response (aiming at the hole). The results would show good stimulus control, the response consistently occurs to the Sd. The results would also show stimulus discrimination in that the response occurs to the Sd (sight of flat putting) and bit to Se(sight of slanted green).
Define stimulus generalization, and give an example that illustrates the procedure and the result that are not int this chapter
Stimulus generalization refers to
A procedure of reinforcing a response in the presence of a stimulus or situation and the result is that the response becomes more probable not only in that situation but also in the presence of another stimulus or situation.
Example: an athlete is taught to address his male adulation coach by Mr. In order to be respectful because according to his parents it is polite since the coach is older than you, the child now calls every adult make “Mr.”
- Define latency of behaviour and describe an example that is not in this chapter.
Latency if behaviour hour refers to how fast a behaviour can happen or reaction time. It is the time between the occurrence of a stimulus and the beginning of that behaviour.
Example: time between firing if the starters pistol until the runner leaves the blocks
- Define prompt and give example
A print is defined as a supplemental antecedent stimulus provided to increase the likelihood that a desired behaviour will occur, but it is not the final stimulus that will control the behaviour.
Example: if you are tying to teach a kid the proper baseball batting technique a verbal prompt could be, “bend your knees.” This supplemental stimulus will increase the likelihood that the child will vent their knees while getting into the proper batting postition, howecee, this is not a concrete stimulus that will control that behaviour. The prompts will eventually decrease over time.
Distinguish between fading and shaping
Snapping is a technique in which the reinforcement of successive approximation of, or increasingly close attempts at correct execution, one approximation at a time until the desired response occurs. Fading is a procedure which is defined as the gradual change Cher successive trails of an antecedent sinuous that controls and operant response is that the response eventually occurs to a partially changed or completely new antecedent stimulus.
*** In shaping across trials the stimulus stays the same while the response gradually changes. I’m fading the antecedent stimulus gradually changes over trials (become less), while the response stays the same. Therefore, the difference is that in shaping the stimulus days the same but in fading the stimulus gradually changes and in shaping the response gradually changes but in fading the response stays the same.
