Chapter 7 Flashcards
How do many people conceptualize motivation ? Illustrate with an example
Some “thing” within us that causes our actions
Ex, Ryan is frequently late for practices, rarely finishes fitness drills and fools around so he is seen as unmotivated
- List two practical limitations to conceptualize motivation as an internal cause of behaviour
1: the suggestion that the causes of behaviour lie within us might influence some coaches blame athletes for inferior athletic performances (ex. They just weren’t motivated, rather than examining the principles and procedures for changing behaviour and the enormous amount of date
2. It may influence some athletes to blame themselves for inferior athletic performances rather than examining potential self-management strategies for improving their performance
- What is a general meaning of the verb “to motivate” as used in sports? What is an implication of this approach
- it means to influence individuals to behave in various ways
- an implication of this perspective is that motivational strategies are to be found and n environmental contingencies can be arranged by the individual to be motivated and or by others such as coaches
- List 7 types of antecedents that can be used to motivate athletic behaviour
- Goals
- Models
- Imagery
- Self talk
- Picture prompts
- Announcements of friendly competitions
- Schedule cross training for variety
8: train with a partner - Rules
Acronym: GMI SPA STR
Describe an example to illustrate how an athlete might use imagery to motivate practice performance
When practicing putting, one of the young golfers would frequently imagine that he was leading the tournament in the final day of the masters.) He would pretend he needed the putter to maintain the lead.
List seven categories of consequences that can motivate participation in sports and improved practice and competitive sport performance
- Reinforcers
- Coaches praise
- Self-improvement
- Stimulation of the senses
5: posted records of progress - Enjoying competing
- Peer approval
Acronym: RCSS PEP
- Is deliberate use of reinforcement by coaches bribery ? Define position.
Bribery is a reward or gift offered to induce one to commit an immoral or illegal act. Therefore if a coach offers players the opportunity to earn 15 minutes of scrimmage we the end of practice if they each make five accurate passes during a passing drill it is not bribery. It is the use of a rule about a reinforcement program strengthening desirable rule-governed behaviour, not to commit an illegal or immoral act.
- What does it mean to suggest that extrinsic reinforcement undermines intrinsic motivation. Illustrate with example
Coach Dawson program involved extrinsic reinforcers which would undermine players intrinsic motivation to display the reinforced behaviour. This implies that when Coach Dawson stopped giving points to players for specific practice behaviours, those behaviours would decrease to an even lower level than before the points program was initiated
- What is a CMO? Illustrate with an example
A CMO is a motivating operations that alters the effectiveness of conditioned reinforcers or punishers because of prior learning
Example: in the example of the golfer who used imagery to create a pressure game by imagining himself competing in the masters, he was administering a CMO to himself. The pressure game increases the reinforcing value of making a putt as a conditioned reinforcer and increased the likelihood of focusing appropriately to make the putt
- How does a CMO differ from an S^D? Illustrate with examples
An SD is a cue that tells you what to do to get what you already want.
Ex. A football team has been practicing for half an hour in the hot sun without water. The statement. T the coach to one of the players, here are the keys to my car, bring the jug of water would be an add for the behaviour of the player to go get the ice water. The statement told the player how to get something he already wanted
while a CMO temporarily changes what you want and tells you how to get it.
Ex. Coach Dawson’s explanation is the points program was a CMO, because it increased the likelihood that the players would want to earn pints and it told them to do so
Summarize from a behavioural perspective, four steps that a faith might follow to motivate athletes
- Arrange antecedents to prompt motivated behaviour
- Manipulate MOs to maximize the effectiveness of reinforcers for motivated behaviour
- Describe the environmental arrangements in appropriately states rules prior to practices
- Provide reinforcers following motivated behaviour
Acronym: AMER
