Chapter 5 Flashcards
- Define a rule, and give a sport example that illustrates 3 aspects of a complete rule ?
- a duke is a statement that a specific behaviour will pay off in a particular situation
Example: when playing ultimate frisbee (A) , fu yuh throw the disc out of bounds if the playing field (b) it will result in a changeover in possession (c) - the example illustrates the 3 aspects- shown a ice (a= antecedent, b for behaviour and c for consequence )
- What is a partial rule ? Describe a sport example. Which if the three aspects of a rule does your example specify ?
- a partial rule is a rule that does not identify all three aspects of s reinforcement situation
- example: if you throw the disc out of bounds (b)
- the example only includes the behaviour the other 2 are I ed
- Define contingency- learned behaviour and give an example
It is a behaviour that has been strengthened (or weakened) in setting by the direct effects of consequences in those settings.
Example: being able to throw the frisbee with varying distances and speeds in order to pass accurately to running teammate
- What are two reasons that a rule, “ I’m going to eat healthier and lose some weight,” is so difficult to follow for many people ?
- the immediate, negative effects of a single instance of excessive eating are too small to be noticeable. It is the cumulative effects of excessive eating on numerous occasions that causes excessive weight and other health problems. Rules that describe small consequences that are harmful or beneficial only after they have accumulated are likely to be ineffective unless complimented by additional self management strategies such as modeling, self- monitoring and behavioural contracting
The benefits from a single instance of eating healthier aren’t noticeable. It is only after several weeks that the benefits would become noticeable
- What are four characteristics of rules that are effective in controlling behaviour
- deadlines
- probable versus improbable consequences
- sizeable versus small consequences
- specific versus vague behaviour
- What type of a goal is an outcome goal ? Give sport example
Outcome goals are goals for results against competitors
- ex. Winning versus losing a basketball game
- What type of goal is a performance-standard goal? Describe a sport example that is not in this chapter
Goals for which an athlete tries to meet a performance standard that is not an outcome goal
- ex. Running 100m within a certain timing
- What type of goal is an execution or process goal? Give sport example.
Goals for performing skills in a certain way
- ex. Following through while shooting in basketball
- What is a mastery criterion ? Give a sport example
It is a specific guideline for performing a skill such that if the guideline is met the skill is likely to be mastered
- ex. Making 10 tennis volleys in a row alternating left and right corners
- A mastery criterion is typically formulated so that what two assumptions are likely to me met ?
- once the athlete has achieved the mastery criterion it is likely that he it she has learned the skill well enough so that if asked to do it sometime later the skill would be performed correctly
- if the athlete had met a mastery criterion during practice there is a high probably that the skill will be executed correctly during competition
- According to Hayes and colleagues why is public goal setting Likley to be more effective than private goal
Setting ?
- setting a public goal provides a public standard against which performance can be evaluated and that he implies social consequences for achieving or not achieving the goals
- From a behavioural perspective what is the meaning of commitment in the context of goal setting ?
Commitment refers to statements or actions by a person setting a goal that imply that the goal is important that he or she will work toward it and that he or she recognizes the benefits of doing so
