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1st year systems > asthma clinical features > Flashcards

asthma clinical features Flashcards

1
Q

what’s the definition of asthma?

A

A disease characterised by an increased responsiveness of the trachea and bronchi to various stimuli and manifested by a widespread narrowing of airways that changes in severity either spontaneously or as a result of therapy

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2
Q

what are the proven risk factors for asthma? (8)

A 
genetic
occupation
smoking
obesity
diet
reduced exposure to microbes/microbials products
indoor pollution
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3
Q

In what way is genetic a risk factor for asthma?

A

Inherited tendency to IgE response to allergens

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4
Q

In what way is occupation a risk factor for asthma?

A

interactions with smoking and atopy

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5
Q

In what way does smoking increase the risk of asthma?

A

mum smoked during pregnancy promoting wheezy illness, airway responsiveness

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6
Q

Why are obese people associated with asthma?

A

body mass index increases asthma, wheezing and airway hyperreactivity

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7
Q

Are children born on farms less likely to develop asthma?

A

yes, there is reduced exposure to microbes

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8
Q

what are the sympoms of asthma?

A 
wheeze
short of breath
chest tightness
cough
sputum
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9
Q

what are triggers of asthma?

A

exercise, cold air, smoke, perfume, pets, tree

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10
Q

whst sre the indications that it might not be asthma?

A 
clubbing
stridor
assymetrical expansion
dull percussion 
crepitations
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11
Q

How do you investigate asthma?

A

airflow obstruction
variability and or reversibility of airflow obstruction

full pulmonary function testing

reversibility to bronchodilator

reversibility to oral corticosteroids

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12
Q

how do you confirm the diagnosis of occupational asthma?

A

serial peak flow readings
antibodies
bronchial challenge

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13
Q

a condition which causes airflow obstruction which varies over time and with treatment

What could this be?

A

asthma

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14
Q

cough or wheeze in a context where asthma seems likely and other diagnoses have been excluded

A

note

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15
Q

what are key words for asthma?

A

wheeze, variability, respond to treatment

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16
Q

What are the similarities for asthma in adults?

A 
Symptoms
Common
Same triggers
Same treatment
Same pathology
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17
Q

what are the difference of asthma

A

Gender (boys and women)
Severe asthma
Occupational asthma uncommon

18
Q

which country is mostly affected

A

uk

19
Q

is a stethoscope important in determining asthma?

A

no

20
Q

Are allergy tests irrelevent in determing asthma?

A

yes

21
Q

whats a must have in asthma?

A

wheeze

22
Q

When is it not asthma?

A

under 18 months- most likely infection

23
Q

Symptoms of bronchitis?

A 
Loose rattly cough
Noisy breathing
Post-tussive vomit - “glut”
Child VERY well, parent worried
Chest free of wheeze/creps
Self-limiting
24
Q

Whats the risk of treating bacterial bronchitis?

A

quality of life and risk of diarrhoea

25
Q

What are symptoms of pertussis?

A

coughing fits

vomiting, colour change

26
Q

is there an asthma test?

A

no

27
Q

How do you confirm the diagnosis?

A

trial of ICS

28
Q

what is the aetiology of asthma?

A

atpoy- airway hypersensitiveness to allergen

29
Q

What is pathology

A

what the disease does

30
Q

whats the pathology of asthma?

A

Inflammation of airways causing obstruction

31
Q

what are the symptoms of asthma?

A

SOB, cough, wheeze, increased resp rate

32
Q

what are the signs of asthma?

A

trachypnoea, wheeze

33
Q

what are the tests/investigations

A

spirometer, peak flow rate, PFT, response to bronchodilators, gas transfer is normal

34
Q

how do you manage asthma?

A

inhaled SABA, LABA, corticosteroids, leukotriene, theophylline

35
Q

how many people live with asthma in uk?

A

5.4 million

36
Q

how often is someone potentially having a life threatning asthma attack?

A

every 10 seconds

37
Q

what is the percentage of children getting asthma? and what gender is it more likely in

A

10-15%

male

38
Q

what is the percentage of adults getting asthma? and what gender is it more likely in

A

5-10% and female

39
Q

what is the most common chronic disease of childhood in the uk

A

asthma

40
Q

if it is not asthma what else could it be?

A

generalised airflow obstruction-
copd
bronchiectasis
cystic fibrosis

localised airway obstruction
tumour
foreign body

cardiac

41
Q

If alveoli is destroyed, what disease is it likely to be?

A

copd

42
Q

if it does not respond to corticosteroids what disease would this be?

A

copd

1st year systems (74 decks)

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