clinical features of lung cancer and staging Flashcards
risk factors of lung cancer?
smoking
passive smoking
exposure to aspestos, radon, air pollution
what are clinincal features and symptoms of lung cancer?
chronic coughing blood cough wheezing chest and bone pain chest infections difficulty swallowing hoarse voice sob weight loss nail clubbing
whata the difference in symptoms between metastatic and paraneoplastic?
metastatic- bone pain spinal cord compression cerebral metastases thrombosis
paraneoplastic-
anaemia
hyponatraemia
cerebellar ataxia
what are clinical signs of lung cancer
Chest signs • Clubbing • Lymphadenopathy • Horner’s syndrome • Pancoast tumour • Superior vena cava obstruction • Lymphadenopathy • Hepatomegaly • Skin nodules
what are investigations of lung cancer?
XR • FBC • Renal,Liverfunctions and Calcium • Clottingscreen • Spirometry
what is a bronchoscopy for?
used to view the airways and check for abnormalities
what is the difference between te nodal involvement?
N0- no regional node involvement
N1- involvement of ipsilateral hilar or ipsilteral peribronchial nodes
N2- involvement of ipsilateral mediastinal or subcarinal nodes
N3- involvement of contralateral mediastinal or hilar nodes or ipsilateral or contralateral scalene or supraclavicular nodes
what determines the treatment decisions?
Performance status • Patientwishes • Histologicaltypeand stage Treatment decisions • Multidisciplinaryteam • Aimsoftreatmente.g. radical or palliative
what is the treatment of lung cancer?
surgery radiotherapy chemotherapy best supportive care co-ordination- lung cancer specialist nurse
what does palliative management control?
symptom control
quality of life
community support
decisions and planning, resuscitation status, end of life care
multidisciplinary team including lung cancer nurse and hospice
is lung cancer easy to treat?
yes
what are local effects of lung cancer?
chronic coughing, difficulty swallowing
what are systemic effects of lung cancer?
chemical release- like weight losss and reducd appetite
in what way are other organs affected by lung cancer?
arms and legs could be weaker
