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Part 2 Boards > General Xray > Flashcards

General Xray Flashcards

1
Q

what are the different types of spondylolisthesis

A 
1- dysplastic - congenital 
2- isthmic - pars alteration 
3- degenerative 
4- traumatic- fracture 
5- pathological disease 
6- iatrogenic - treatment induced 
7- pending - developing stress fracture - MRI needed
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2
Q

what is the most common site of spondylolisthesis

what is the most. common site of degenerative spondylolisthesis

A

L5 - most common

L4 - degenerative most common

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3
Q

spondylolisthesis grading

A

meyerdings (grading)

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4
Q

spondylolisthesis diagnosis

A

ulmanns (diagnosis)

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5
Q

what are the different treatment methods for each grade of spondylothesis

A 
meyerdings grading scale - adjust or not 
1 - adjust
2 - adjust 
3 - maybe 
4 - no

motion study for each as well

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6
Q

spondyloptosis is what

which X-rays views help distinguish

what signs are presents if this condition is present

should you adjust

A

spondyloptosis is defined as 100% or greater subluxation of a superior vertebral body on an inferior one in the coronal or sagittal plane secondary to an injury [1]. Spondyloptosis results in one spinal segment being lodged in the anterior or posterior space of the adjacent segment

lateral lumbopelvic
ap spot

brailsfod bow
inverted napoleons hat sign

fuck no

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7
Q

what is the most common cause of spondylolisthesis

A

trauma

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8
Q

what is the contraindicated adjustment for spondylolisthesis

A

prone

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9
Q

what is the preferred adjustment for spondylolisthesis

A

supine knee to chest

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10
Q

what is the most common type of spondylolisthesis

A

isthmic

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11
Q

what is the most common level of traumatic spondylolisthesis

A

L5

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12
Q

should the colon have air in it

how about the small intestine

A

yes sure

no no no - indicates obstruction

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13
Q

stair stepping bubbles seen on xray indicate what

A

paralytic ileus
or
dynamic ileus

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14
Q

soft issue is the same density as ___ - which is called what sign

A

water

silhouette sign

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15
Q

midline calcification MC

A

pancreatic calculi

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16
Q

saccular calcification anterior to lumbar spine

A

AAA

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17
Q

calcification of the gall bladder indicates

A

porcelain gall bladder - malignant

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18
Q

enlarged gall bladder indicates what

A

hydrops

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19
Q

calcification subcutaneously indicates what

A

scleroderma

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20
Q

what is crest syndrome

A

associated with scleroderma

CREST

calcinosis of smooth muscle (esophagus and arteries)
raynauds 
esophageal achalasia 
sclerodactylyl 
telangiectasia
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21
Q

aorta bifurcates at what level of lumbar spine

A

L2-L4

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22
Q

aorta calcifications are described how

A

linear
curvilinear
saccular
fusiform

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23
Q

dissecting aneurysms cause what type of pain

A

tearing pain

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24
Q

AAA is considered ___

___ is considered emergency

A

> 3.5 cm

> 5-6cm

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25
Q

best way to view gallstones

A

ultrasound

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26
Q

best way to view kidney stones

A

xray

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27
Q

bilateral flat hemidiaphram indicates what

A

COPD or emphysema

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28
Q

gastric line above diaphragm indicates what

A

hiatal hernia

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29
Q

lung collapse is referring to what

how does the mediastinum shift

primary sign

A

atelectasis

towards lesion

fissure displacement

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30
Q

air in the pleural space is referring to what

mediastinum shifts how

what view is needed

A

pneumothorax

away from lesion

expiratory film

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31
Q

spontaneous pneumothorax occurs to who

A

young male
no trauma
immediate pain

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32
Q

Kerly b lines are found in what conditionn

A

pulmonary edema

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33
Q

what causes fluid in the lungs which causes increased remits

A

pulmonary edema

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34
Q

what causes decreased fremitus

A

pleural effusion

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35
Q

which condition are lateral decubitus views helpful

A

pleural effusion

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36
Q

pan coast tumors are typically which type of tumor

A

bronchogenic

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37
Q

what is pan coast syndrome

A

lytic mets
rib destruction
horners syndrome

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38
Q

primary tumors often grow from small lesion into large mass which then cause

A

atelectasis

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39
Q

what is the spread called when it spreads from hilum interstitially

A

lymphogenous

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40
Q

what is the spread called when it spreads through the blood to entire lung field

A

hematogenous

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41
Q

which type of mets spread is associated with cannon ball mets

A

hematogenous

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42
Q

what causes granulomas from occupational dusts

A

pneumoconiosis

43
Q

what are the different kinds of pneumoconiosis

A

silicosis
anthracosis
byssinosis
asbestosis

44
Q

sandblasting causes what

A

silicosis

45
Q

black lung or coal mining causes what

A

anthracosis

46
Q

cotton mill workers can get what

A

byssinosis

47
Q

construction workers can get what

A

asbestosis

48
Q

normal xray lung diagnosis

A

pleurisy

49
Q

fissure displacement is caused by what

A

atelectasis

50
Q

what condition can you obtain if you are in Mississippi or Ohio river valleys from birds

A

histoplasmosis

51
Q

what condition can you obtain if you are in the San Joaquin valley

A

coccidioidomycosis

52
Q

widened mediastinum typically indicates what

A

lymphoma

53
Q

relapsing fever and anterior scalloping of the vertebral body indicate what

A

Hodgkins lymphoma

ivory vertetbrae

54
Q

acro-osteolysis is seen in what condition

A

sarcoidosis

55
Q

what is the staph story for infection

A

IV drug user leads to disci tis to carditis to tricuspid valve

56
Q

air bronchograms indicate what

A

bacterial pneumonia

57
Q

silhouette signs indicate what

A

bacterial pneumonia

58
Q

cannonball lesions indicate what in the lungs

A

mets

59
Q

expiratory film is needed when

A

pneumothorax

60
Q

what is the pneumonic for primary bone cancers

A 
MOCE 
multiple myeloma 
osteosarcoma 
chondrosarcoma 
Ewings sarcoma
61
Q

what are secondary bone cancer

A

lytic and blastic

62
Q

moth eaten lesions in bone indicate what

A

lytic mets
or
multiple myeloma

63
Q

which tumor affects the endosteal bone

which tumor affects the periosteal bone

A

MM

sarcomas

64
Q

winking pedicle indicates what

A

lytic mets

65
Q

prostate causes what kind of bone mets

A

blastic

66
Q

describe MM

A

OLDER
vertebral collapse
rain drops
punched out

67
Q

what tumor is not seen on bone scan

A

MM

68
Q

MM lab findings

A

bence jones proteins
reverse A/G ration
increase SED
IgM spike

69
Q

bence jones proteins indicate what

A

MM

70
Q

describe osteosarcoma

MC’s

A 
young 
knee MC 
blastic MC
codmans triangle
spicculating 
radiating 
periosteal reaction
71
Q

does MM have periosteal reaction

A

no

72
Q

describe chondrosarcoma

A

adult lesion

secondary lesion to enchondroma or osteochondroma

73
Q

describe Ewings sarcoma

A 
young 
diaphysial tumor 
laminated periosteal 
saucerization 
permeative

MILD FEVER

74
Q

diaphysial tumor in children

in adults

A

ewings

MM

75
Q

epiphyseal tumors in children

in adults

A

chondroblastoma

giant cell

76
Q

epiphyseal, children, oval, round, fluffy, cotton wool

A

chondroblastoma

77
Q

epiphyseal, adult, soap bubble, expansile, quasi malignant

A

giant cell

78
Q

exostosis, metaphysis, sessile or pedunculated

A

osteochondroma

79
Q

autosomal dominant of multiple osteochondromas

A

hereditary multiple exostosis

80
Q

coarse vertical trabeculae, stenosis, corduroy appearance

A

hemangioma

81
Q

tumor from the notochord, medullary cavity fills with cartilage, usually appears in the sacrum

A

chordoma

82
Q

geographic, lytic, hands

A

enchondroma

83
Q

multiple enchondromas

with soft tissues abnormalities

A

Olliers

Maffuccis

84
Q

dense, osseous, single round mass?

multiple small masses?

A

enostoma or bone island

osteopoikilosis

85
Q

central vascular zone, radiolucent nidus, surrounded by dense sclerosis, neural arch, femur

A

osteoid osteoma

86
Q

which tumor is relieved by aspirin for night pain

A

osteoid osteoma

87
Q

giant osteoid osteoma, expansile lesion, neural arch or spinous may enlarge

A

osteoblastoma

88
Q

solitary, metaphysical, oval shaped, scalloped border, soap bubble appearance, lytic, hazy

A

non ossifying fibroma

89
Q

lytic, metaphyseal, geographic, small, sclerotic border

A

fibrous cortical defect

90
Q

blood filled, eccentric, metaphseal, saccular, soap bubble, blown out appearance, finger in the balloon sign

A

aneurysmal bone cyst

91
Q

singular, central, metaphyseal, filled will fluid, fallen fragment sign

A

simple bone cyst

92
Q

what is another term for simple bone cyst

A

unicameral bone cyst

93
Q

the great imitator, metaphyseal, hazy ground glass, expansile, rind sign, cafe au last

A

fibrous dysplasia

94
Q

coast of Maine

A

fibrous dysplasia

95
Q

coast of California

A

neurofibromatosis

96
Q

fibrous dysplasia in a female

A

albright syndrome

97
Q

autosomal dominant, cafe au lait, fibroma molluscum, osseous deformities, kyphoscoliosis, posterior vertebral scalloping

A

neurofibromatosis

98
Q

thickened cortex, brim sign, soft phosphorous bone, older, bowing legs, big head, deafness

A

pagets

99
Q

what are the stages of pagets

A

lytic
mixed
blastic
malignant

100
Q

what occurs in the blood during pagets disease

A

increased all phosphatase

normal calcium

101
Q

pagets is also known as

A

osteitis deformans

102
Q

purpose of X-rays

A 
diagnose 
biomechanics 
anomalies 
screen contraindications 
monitor progression
103
Q

what’s the cervical spine xray flexion extension rule

A

excessive movement of 3mm = instability

don’t adjust

104
Q

functional xrays are used for what

A

to detect aberrant motion

Part 2 Boards (34 decks)

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