Lab Exercise 7: The Cell Cycle Flashcards
What does the cell cycle consist of?
The cell cycle consists of all of the changes in which a cell will go through from the time it is formed to the time it divides.
What is differentiation?
Uncommitted cells become committed and are consequently able to carry out a specific function.
Why is it important for each daughter cell to be identical?
So that it can carry out similar functions.
What are the three phases of interphase?
G1, S-Phase, G2
What are the differences between mitosis and cytokinesis?
Mitosis is the division of the cells nucleus, cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.
What is G-Zero?
G-Zero is when a mature living cell ceases cell division.
What is meiosis?
Occurs in the reproductive system to produce haploid gametes with 23 chromosomes.
What happens during prophase?
Chromosomes condense and become visible.
Spindle apparatus forms.
Centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cell.
What happens during metaphase?
In metaphase the spindle has captured all the chromosomes and lined them up on the metaphase plate.
Spindle fibers attach to kinetochores. This is located in the middle of the cell.
What is a kinetochore?
Microtubules that bind chromosomes are called kinetochores.
What are centromeres?
Are the regions of DNA where the sister chromosomes are the most tightly connected.
What will the cell most likely do before proceeding to metaphase?
The cell will make sure that all the chromosomes are at the metaphase plate with the kinetochores attached to microtubules. This is called the spindle check point.
What occurs during anaphase?
The sister chromatoids seperate from each other and are pulled to oppisote ends of the cell.
What occurs during telophase?
Cell is nearly done dividing and it starts to re-establish it’s normal structures.
Mitotic spindle is broken down.
Two nuclei form. Chromosomes decondense. Contractile ring tightens to form the cleavage furrow as the cytoplasm divides into two cells.
What occurs during cytokinesis?
Is contractile, pinching the cell into two. Almost like a coin purse, the middle is made up of an actin ring called a clevage furrow.
