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BIO Anatomy and Physiology Lab > Laboratory 41: Blood Cells > Flashcards

Laboratory 41: Blood Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood?

A

A connective tissue.

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2
Q

What is plasma?

A

Blood is a type of connective tissue whose cells are suspended in a liquid extracellular matrix called plasma.

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3
Q

What is plasma made of?

A

Plasma is composed of water proteins nutrients electrolytes hormones and gases.

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4
Q

Where are the cells or elements formed?

A

The cells or formed elements are mainly formed in Red bone marrow and they include erythrocytes (red blood cells)leukocytes (white blood cells) and some cellular fragments are called platelets (thrombocytes)

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5
Q

What composes the blood volume?

A

The formed elements compose about 45% of the total blood volume the plasma composes approximately 55% of the blood volume

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6
Q

What are the functions of erythrocytes

A

Erythrocytes contain hemoglobin and transport gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between body cells and the lungs

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7
Q

What are the functions of leukocytes?

A

Leukocytes defend the body against infections

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8
Q

What are the platelets functions?

A

Play let’s play in important role in stoppage of bleeding hemostasis

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of neutrophils?

A
  • Fine light purple granules.
  • Nucleus single to five lobes (highly variable)
  • immature neutrophils called bands have a single c shaped nucleus
  • Mature neutrophils called segs, have a lobed nucleus
  • Often called polymorphonuclear leukocytes when older
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10
Q

What are the characteristics of eosinophils?

A

Coarse reddish granules

Nucleus usually bliobed.

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of basophils?

A

Coarse deep blue to almost black granules

Nucleus often almost hidden by granules.

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12
Q

What are the characteristics of lymphocytes?

A

Larger then RBC’s.
Thin rim of nearly clear cytoplasm.
Nearly round nucleus appears to fill most of cell in smaller lymphocytes.
Larger lymphocytes hard to distinguish from monocytes

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of monocytes?

A

Largest WBC 2-3x larger than RBC
Cytoplasm nearly clear
Nucleus round and kidney shaped oval or lobed

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of platelets?

A

Cell fragments

Single to small clusters

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of erythrocytes?

A

Lack nucleus
Biconcave discs
Thin centers appear almost hallow

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16
Q

What type of WBCs are granulocytes

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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17
Q

What type of wbcs are agranulocytes?

A

Lymphocyte, monocytes

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18
Q

What is the difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes

A

Granulocytes have granular cytoplasm, Agranulocytes lack granular cytoplasm

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19
Q

What are the functions of red blood cells?

A

Contains hemoglobin (HB) that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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20
Q

What are the functions of the white blood cell?

A

Destroys pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, removes worn cells, and provides immunity.

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21
Q

What are the functions of neutrophils?

A

Phagocytose bacteria.

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22
Q

What are the functions of eosinophils?

A

Destroy parasites and helps control inflammation and allergic reactions

23
Q

What are the functions of basophils?

A

Releases heparin (an anticoagulant) and histamine (a blood vessel dilator)

24
Q

What are the functions of monocytes?

A

Phagocytoses dead or living cells and micro organisms

25
Q

What are the functions of lymphocytes?

A

Provides immunity, produces antibodies, destroys foreign cells and infected cells with viruses.

26
Q

What are the functions of platelets?

A

Helps control blood loss from injured blood vessels needed for blood clotting.

27
Q

Why is a differential white blood cell count performed?

A

A differential white blood cell count is performed to determine the percentage of each of the various types of white blood cells present in a sample. This test is useful because the relative proportions of WBC may change in particular diseases.

28
Q

What is the normal range of neutrophils and hat do elevated counts potentially indicate?

A

54-62%. Bacterial infections, stress

29
Q

What is the normal range of lymphocytes and what do elevated levels potentially indicate?

A

25-33%. Mononucleosis, whooping cough, viral infections

30
Q

What is the normal level of monocytes and what does an elevated count potentially indicate?

A

3-9% Malaria, tuberculosis, fungal infections

31
Q

What is the normal level of eosinophils and what does an elevated level potentially indicate?

A

1-3% Allergic reactions, autoimmune diseases, parasitic worms.

32
Q

What is the normal levels of basophils and what does an elevated level potentially indicate?

A

Less then 1%. Cancers, chicken pox, hypothyroidism.

33
Q 
Which of the following have significant functions mainly during bleeding?
A) erythrocytes
B) leukocytes 
C) platelets 
D) Plasma
A

C) Platelets

34
Q 
Which of the following is among the agranulocytes?
A) Monocytes 
B) Neutrophils 
C) eosinophils 
D) basophils
A

A) Monocytes

35
Q 
Which white blood cell has the greatest nuclear variations?
A) Monocytes 
B) Neutrophils 
C) eosinophils 
D) basophils
A

B) Neutrophils

36
Q 
A(n) \_\_\_\_\_ lacks a nucleus. 
A) erythrocytes 
B) lymphocytes 
C) Monocytes 
D) basophils
A

A) erythrocytes

37
Q 
Which cell has a large nucleus that fills most of the cell?
A) Erythrocyte
B) Platelet
C) Eosinophils 
D) Lymphocytes
A

D) Lymphocyte

38
Q 
Which leukocyte is the most abundant in a normal differential count? 
A) Basophil
B) Monocyte
C) Neutrophil 
D) Lymphocyte
A

C) Neutrophil

39
Q

Eosinophils numbers typically increase during an allergic reaction.
True or False?

A

True

40
Q

Erythrocytes are also called granulocytes because granules are visible in their cytoplasm when using Wright’s stain.
True or false?

A

False

41
Q

Red blood cells (RBC) are also called

A

Erythrocytes

42
Q

The shape of a red blood cell can be described as a ____ disc.

A

Biconcave.

43
Q

______ is the oxygen carrying substance in a red blood cell

A

Hemoglobin

44
Q

A mature red blood cell cannot reproduce because it lacks the ____ that was extruded during cellular development.

A

Nucleus.

45
Q

White blood cells are also called ____

A

Leukocytes

46
Q

White blood cells with granular cytoplasm are called ____

A

Granulocytes

47
Q

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte is another name for a ______ with a segmented nucleus.

A

Neutrophils

48
Q

Normally, the most numerous white blood cells are

A

Neutrophils

49
Q

White blood cells with coarse reddish cytoplasmic granules are called _____.

A

Eosinophils

50
Q

______ are normally the least abundant of the white blood cells.

A

Basophils

51
Q

____ are the largest of the white blood cells.

A

Monocytes.

52
Q

______ are small agranulocytes that have relatively large, round nuclei with thin rims of cytoplasm.

A

Lymphocytes

53
Q

Small cell fragments that function to prevent blood loss from an injury site called ______

A

Platelets

BIO Anatomy and Physiology Lab (49 decks)

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