Chapter 43: Blood Typing

Question 1

What does blood typing involve?

Answer 1

Blood typing involves identifying protein substance called antigens present on the outer surface of red blood cell membranes.

Question 2

What antigens are of clinical importance?

Answer 2

These include the group of the ABO group and those of the Rh group.

Question 3

How do they determine which antigens are present?

Answer 3

A blood sample is mixed with blood typing sera that contain known types of antibodies. It a particular antibody contacts an antigen, a reaction occurs and the red blood cells clump together (aggulation)

Question 4

Give an example of blood typing?

Answer 4

If blood cells are mixed with serum containing antibodies that react with antigen A and the cells aggulinate antigen a must be present on the outer surface of those cells

Question 5

What is the greatest concern during transfusions?

Answer 5

Although there are many antigens on the RBC membranes the ABO group and the Rh group antigens are of the greatest concern during transfusion.

Question 6

What is the final check on blood compatibility?

Answer 6

Cross matching test. In this test small samples of the blood from the donor and the recipient are mixed to be sure agglutination does not create a transfusion reaction which would result in red blood cell destruction (hemolysis) and other life threatening conditions.

Question 7

What is autologus transfusion?

Answer 7

If surgery is elective autologus transfusions are promoted, allowing some of the persons own predonated blood from storage to be used during surgery.

Question 8

What is the Rh factor?

Answer 8

An antigen commonly found on the human RBC membrane was first identified in rhesus monkeys an it became known as the RH factor.

Question 9

How is the Rh factor checked?

Answer 9

Although many different types of antigens are related to the Rh factor because it is the most reactive only the D-Antigen is checked using an anti-D regent. Those who possess the D antigen are considered RH+ And those are lacking the D antigen are considered RH -

Question 10

What would happen if a Rh- mother was carrying an Rh+ fetus

Answer 10

If a Rh- negative women is pregnant carrying an Rh+ fetus the mother might obtain some RBC’s from the fetus during the birth process or during a miscarriage. As a result the Rh- mother would begin producing anti D antibodies creating complications for future pregnancies.

Question 11

What is the name of the condition resulting from Rh+/Rh- mother fetus relationship?

Answer 11

This condition is known as hemolytic disease (erythroblastosis fetalis)

Question 12

What can prevent erythroblastosis fetalis?

Answer 12

This condition can be prevented with the proper administration of RhoGAM which prevents the mother from producing anti D antibodies

Question 13

The antigens related to the ABO blood group are located 
A) on the red blood cell membrane
B) within the red blood cell nucleus 
C) within the red blood cell cytosol 
D) on the red blood cell ribosome

Answer 13

A) on the red blood cell membrane

Question 14

When B antibodies (anti-B) react with B antigens \_\_\_\_ occurs
A)Coagulation 
B) agglutination 
C) transfusion
D) proliferation

Answer 14

Agglutination

Question 15

The D antigen related to the Rh factor is present in about \_\_\_\_\_ of americans. 
A) 4%
B) 38%
C) 47%
D) 85%

Answer 15

D

Question 16

Blood type \_\_\_ is sometimes considered the universal donor within the ABO blood group. 
A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Answer 16

D

Question 17

Blood type \_\_\_ is sometimes considered the universal recipient within the ABO blood group. 
A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Answer 17

C

Question 18

Hemolytic disease of the newborn could be of concern when an
A) Rh+ fetus and Rh+ mother condition occur
B) Rh+ fetus and an Rh- mother condition occur
C) Rh- fetus and Rh+ positive mother condition occur
D) Rh- fetus and Rh- mother condition occur

Answer 18

B

Question 19

Blood type B is the most common blood type found in the US population. True or False?

Answer 19

False

Question 20

An individual with blood type O lacks both RBC antigens A and B
True or false

Answer 20

True

Question 21

The antigens of the ABO blood group are located on the red blood cell _____.

Answer 21

Membrane

Question 22

The blood of every person contains one of (how many possible?) ____ combinations of antigens

Answer 22

Four

Question 23

Type A blood contains antigen

Answer 23

A

Question 24

Type B blood contains antigen

Answer 24

B

Question 25

Type a blood contains ____ antibody in the plasma

Answer 25

B

Question 26

Type b blood contains ____ antibody in the plasma

Answer 26

A

Question 27

Persons with ABO blood type _____ are sometimes called universal recipients.

Answer 27

AB

Question 28

Persons with ABO blood type ____ are sometimes called universal donors

Answer 28

O

Question 29

The Rh blood group was named after the ____

Answer 29

Rhesus monkey

Question 30

Of the antigens in the Rh group, the most important is ____

Answer 30

D-Antigen

Question 31

If red blood cells lack Rh antigens, the blood is called

Answer 31

Rh-

Question 32

If an Rh- negative person who is sensitive to Rh+ blood receives a transfusion of the RH positive blood the donors cells are likely to

Answer 32

Clump, hemolysis

Question 33

An Rh- woman who might be carrying an ____fetus is give. An injection of RhoGAM to prevent hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn

Answer 33

Rh+