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Endocrinology > Anatomy - Thyroid > Flashcards

Anatomy - Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

the thyroid gland usually consists of _ lateral lobes and an _______

A

the thyroid gland usually consists of 2 lateral lobes and an isthmus

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2
Q

the isthmus lies anterior to which rings of the trachea?

A

2nd and 3rd

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3
Q

a lump in the thyroid gland will move _________ then _________ with the larynx during swallowing

A

a lump in the thyroid gland will move SUPERIORLY then INFERIORLY with the larynx during swallowing

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4
Q

how many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4

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5
Q

where are the 4 parathyroid glands located?

A

posterior surfaces of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland

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6
Q

28 – 55% prevalence (mean 44.6%)

most commonly originates from the
left lateral lobe

9.2% are not connected to the main thyroid gland

most attach superiorly to thyroid cartilage

may extend as far superiorly as the hyoid bone

name the anatomical difference

A

pyramidal lobe

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7
Q

where does the thyroid gland begin its development in embryology?

A

junction between the anterior 2/3rds and the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

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8
Q

the thyroid gland is attached to the tongue via what?

A

the thyroglossal duct

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9
Q

at what vertebral level is the thyroid gland at?

A

C7

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10
Q

name the sheet like muscle of the neck

A

platysma

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11
Q

platysma innervation?

A

CN VII

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12
Q

name the fascia that encloses the following components:

Vagus nerves
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Carotid arteries
Internal jugular vein

A

2 carotid sheaths

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13
Q

name the fascia that encloses the following components:

Postural neck muscles
Cervical vertebrae

A

prevertebral (deep) fascia

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14
Q

name the fascia that encloses the following components:

Oesophagus
Trachea
Thyroid gland
Strap muscles
Recurrent laryngeal nerves
A

pretracheal fascia

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15
Q

name the fascia that encloses the following components:

Encloses all the other neck fascial
compartments encloses 2 pairs of muscles:

Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoid

A

investing fascia

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16
Q

sternocleidomastoid innervation?

A

CN XI

17
Q

trapezius innervation?

A

CN XI

18
Q

what does trapezium attach to inferiorly?

A

spine of scapula and lateral head of clavicle

19
Q

name the 2 heads of sternocleidomastoid

A

sternal head and clavicular head

20
Q

the external jugular vein drains into what?

A

subclavian vein

21
Q

the anterior jugular vein drains into what?

A

external jugular vein

22
Q

name the inferior attachments:

sternal head
clavicular head

A

sternal head - manubrium

clavicular head - medial end of clavicle

both attach to mastoid process of temporal bone

23
Q

what nerve is within the carotid sheath?

A

vagus (CN X)

24
Q

name the blood supply to the thyroid and parathyroid glands (5)

A

left and right superior thyroid arteries

left and right inferior thyroid arteries

thyroid ima artery

25
Q

name the venous drainage of the thyroid and parathyroid glands (6)

A

left and right superior thyroid veins

left and right middle thyroid veins

left and right inferior thyroid veins

26
Q

name the 2 tracheal lymph nodes

A

pretracheal node

paratracheal nodes

27
Q

CN X:

branch of the medulla _________

exit skull via ________ _______

descend in the _______ ______

decent through the _____ posterior to the lung ______ and on the __________

pass through the ___________ with the ___________

divide into their terminal branches on ________ and abdominal organs with ________________ axons to _______ midgut

A

CN X:

branch of the medulla OBLONGATA

exit skull via JUGULAR FORAMEN

descend in the CAROTID SHEATH

decent through the CHEST posterior to the lung HILUM and on the OESOPHAGUS

pass through the DIAPHRAGM with the OESOPHAGUS

divide into their terminal branches on STOMACH and abdominal organs with PARASYMPATHETIC axons to DISTAL midgut

28
Q

which recurrent laryngeal nerve recurs under the arch of aorta and which secures under the subclavian artery?

A

left - arch of aorta

right - subclavian artery

29
Q

name the strap muscles

A

sternothyroid muscle

thyrohyoid muscle

omohyoid - sup. and inf. belly (omo = shoulder) goes through sling

30
Q

in a classical thyroidectomy, what is the incision called and what is it in the direction of?

A

‘collar’ incision in direction of Langer’s lines

incision through skin and platysma

Endocrinology (31 decks)

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